Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 41, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Muscle is defined as the soft tissues found in animals and humans. It is composed of actin and myosin protein filaments that slide one another and cause contraction of the muscle. It helps to produce force and motion. There are three types of muscles such as striated muscle, non-striated and cardiac muscle.
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Muscle tone is: a. the result of voluntary shortening of the muscle. b. the result of a small amount of involuntary activation of motor units by the nervous system. c. abnormal—a person’s muscles should be relaxed normally. d. present only where there is damage to the nervous system.
A skeletal muscle motor unit
A.Is the number of muscle cells innervated by one motor neuron.
B.Is the number of motor neurons innervating one muscle cell.
C.Size determines the ability to control a muscle
D.Size determines how much a muscle contracts at any one time.
The series-elastic component of muscle contraction is responsible for a.increased muscle shortening to successive twitches. b.a time delay between contraction and shortening. c.the lengthening of muscle after contraction has ceased. d.all of these.
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...Ch. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2AC
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- Which of the following effects result(s) from aging on the muscular system?a. Muscle mass declines.b. Slow-twitch fibers are affected most by aging.c. Fatigue occurs more quickly.d. Increased muscle tone limits stability.e. The gait lengthens and is slower.arrow_forwardCompared with skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle a. has the same ability to be stretched. b. loses the ability to contract forcefully when stretched. C. maintains about the same tension, even when stretched. d. cannot maintain long, steady contractions. e. can accumulate a substantial oxygen deficitarrow_forwardWhen muscle fibers are stimulated so frequently they do not have an opportunity to relax, they are experiencing: a. unfused or incomplete tetanus. b. wave summation. c. fused or complete tetanus. d. twitch.arrow_forward
- During muscle contraction, the I band a. hides the H zone. b. shortens or narrows. c. overlaps the Z line. d. always remains the same length.arrow_forwardCompared with skeletal muscle, visceral smooth musclea. has the same ability to be stretched.b. loses the ability to contract forcefully when stretched.c. maintains about the same tension, even when stretched.d. cannot maintain long, steady contractions.e. can accumulate a substantial oxygen deficit.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not characteristic of smooth muscles? a.Myosin phosphatase is required for contraction. b.They are able to conduct graded depolarizations. c.They can enter a latch state. d.They can produce graded contractions in response to graded depolarizations.arrow_forward
- To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? A. Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing. B. Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically. C. The load was reduced. D. The resistance to contraction was reduced. E. The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.arrow_forwardA. A hypothetical genetic disease causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the motor end plate. Patients with this disease exhibit varying degrees of muscle weakness. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? Briefly explain the effect that each of these two drugs would have on muscle physiology. B. Megan wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of muscle fibers she needs todevelop and how she should go about it. What types of workouts would you suggest to her? Briefly explain why.arrow_forwardMuscle responses are graded by either frequency or strength of stimuli. The force of contraction is precisely controlled by ______________ that brings more and more muscle fibers into action. a. wave summation b. complete tetanus c. recruitment d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forward
- The contractile response in skeletal muscle A. produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than the muscle contracts isotonically. B. does not last as long as the action potential. C. produces more tension when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically. D. starts after the action potential is over. E. decreases in magnitude with repeated stimulation.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Muscle fibers generate more tension if the starting length of their sarcomeres is very short. b. Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation. c. Muscles that require a great deal of precise control will have large motor units. d. A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractionsarrow_forwardA bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.arrow_forward
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