Chapter 4, Problem 8ALQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The combination of $2s$ orbitals to form $\sigma$ bonding and $\sigma$ antibonding molecular orbitals is to be shown. The overlap of $2p$ orbitals to form $\sigma$ bonding, $\pi$ bonding, $\pi$ antibonding and $\sigma$ antibonding molecular orbitals is to be shown.

Concept introduction: The $s$ orbital is spherical in shape and $p$ orbital is dumble shape.

The molecular orbital resembles with atomic orbital as molecular orbital holds two electrons with opposite spins. The square of the molecular orbital wave function tells the probability of finding electrons.

Sigma bonds are formed by head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals.

The $s$ orbitals are always forms sigma bond only.

Pi bonds are formed by side-wise overlapping of atomic orbitals.

To determine: The representation that show the combination of $2\text{s}$ orbitals to form $\sigma$ bonding, $\sigma$ antibonding molecular orbitals and $2\text{p}$ orbitals to form $\sigma$ bonding, $\pi$ bonding, $\pi$ antibonding and $\sigma$ antibonding molecular orbitals.