Chapter 4, Problem 65E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration and the bond order for the given diatomic species, using the molecular orbital model is to be determined. The paramagnetic species are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The electronic configuration for multi-electron diatomic is written using the molecular orbitals, derived from the ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{+}}$ molecular ion.

The bond order is calculated by difference between the anti-bonding electrons and the bonding electrons by two. This can be stated as,

$\text{Bond}\text{order}=\frac{\left[\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{anti-bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)\right]}{2}$

As the bond order increases, the stability also increases.

The species have an unpaired electron in their valence shell are known as paramagnetic species.

To determine: The electronic configuration, bond order and the paramagnetic nature of ${\text{Li}}_{\text{2}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration and the bond order for the given diatomic species, using the molecular orbital model is to be determined. The paramagnetic species are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The electronic configuration for multi-electron diatomic is written using the molecular orbitals, derived from the ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{+}}$ molecular ion.

The bond order is calculated by difference between the anti-bonding electrons and the bonding electrons by two. This can be stated as,

$\text{Bond}\text{order}=\frac{\left[\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{anti-bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)\right]}{2}$

As the bond order increases, the stability also increases.

The species have an unpaired electron in their valence shell are known as paramagnetic species.

To determine: The electronic configuration, bond order and the paramagnetic nature of ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration and the bond order for the given diatomic species, using the molecular orbital model is to be determined. The paramagnetic species are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The electronic configuration for multi-electron diatomic is written using the molecular orbitals, derived from the ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{+}}$ molecular ion.

The bond order is calculated by difference between the anti-bonding electrons and the bonding electrons by two. This can be stated as,

$\text{Bond}\text{order}=\frac{\left[\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Electrons}\text{in}\\ \text{anti-bonding}\text{orbitals}\end{array}\right)\right]}{2}$

As the bond order increases, the stability also increases.

The species have an unpaired electron in their valence shell are known as paramagnetic species.

To determine: The electronic configuration, bond order and the paramagnetic nature of ${\text{S}}_{\text{2}}$.