Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 10CR
Summary Introduction
To review:
The function of the control center in a negative feedback control system.
Introduction:
Homeostasis is the process that occurs in the body to maintain a constant, stable internal condition even when the external environment changes continuously. The homeostasis in the body is constantly being regulated by various positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Generally, the negative feedback mechanisms control the homeostatic mechanisms. In these systems, the net effect of the response is either reduced or shut off.
The automatic detection of any deviation of system activity from its normal state and the counteraction on the variables of the system activity to return back to its normal state occurs. The negative feedback loop involves three different components, namely, the receptors, control center, and effectors.
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Give an example of a feedback mechanism in the human body. Explain your example briefly. Make sure to identify the type of feedback (negative or positive), the receptor, the control center and the effector.
Organismal homeostasis depends upon the presence of control systems. Give a physiological example of a negative feedback control system its positive feedback. Clearly describe the role(s) that each of the following elements plays in all control systems: such as controller, effector and receptor.
In a negative feedback loop, the effector moves the system in the direction as the stimulus.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Health clinics sometimes cite retrospective...Ch. 4 - How important to you is FDA approval and/or...Ch. 4 - Describe some advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 4 -
2. Name the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CRCh. 4 - Prob. 4CRCh. 4 - List the 11 organ systems of the body and give at...Ch. 4 -
6. Define interstitial fluid.
Ch. 4 - Name the two cavities of the anterior body cavity...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 4 - Discuss the purpose of homeostasis in the body.Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CRCh. 4 -
1. Collagen and elastin fibers are typically...Ch. 4 -
2. Cells in cardiac muscle are able to contract...Ch. 4 - Which of the following membranes is not composed...Ch. 4 -
4. Exocrine and endocrine glands are types...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - What property do all muscle tissues have in...Ch. 4 -
7. Injury to bone heals more quickly than injury...Ch. 4 - Which of the following tissues may be found in the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is responsible for skin...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Prob. 11TYCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYCh. 4 - A substantial amount of nonliving extracellular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14TYCh. 4 - Reducing food intake may lead to weight loss by...Ch. 4 -
1. Your roommate says that the concept of...Ch. 4 - What do you think would be some of the problems...Ch. 4 - Sherlock Holmes, the greatest fictional detective...Ch. 4 -
4. Dieting is difficult. People who do manage to...Ch. 4 - Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground...Ch. 4 -
6. By definition, an organ is a structure...
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- Draw a row diagram showing the relationships among the components of a negative-feedback control system.arrow_forwardDefine homeostasis. What happens when homeostasis fails? List the three basic components of a control system and give an example. Describe the components of a reflex pathway. Contrast the response loop and the feedback loop. Explain the relationship between a regulated physiological variable and its setpoint. Is the physiological variable exactly at its setpoint? Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Give a biological example of each. Is the setpoint constant or can it change over time? If setpoints can change over time, what is this called? Chapter 2:arrow_forwardExplain why stabilizing mechanisms are called negative feedback.arrow_forward
- Explain the difference between positive feedback and negative feedback loops with examplesarrow_forwardState the effector and sensor of this system. Then choose if it utilizes a feedforward, negative feedback or positive feedback strategy.arrow_forwardDescribe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.arrow_forward
- In a homeostatically regulated system, diagram or identify the regulated homeostatic variable, sensor, control center, effector(s), and effector response(s).arrow_forwardIn describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuarrow_forwardPlease help to understand the mechanismsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the correct definition of positive feedback? a The process by which the body neglects homeostasis. b A mechanism in which the body's response to a stimulis opposes the stimulus. c A mechanism whereby the body responds to a stimulus by acting to enhance the stimulus d The dynamic equilibrium maintained by an integrating center which causes an effector to respond to the stimulus received by the receptor.arrow_forward1) As a physiologist, which of the following terms should you immediately associate with negative feedback regulation? Answer choices Constancy Relative constancy Relative constancy in interstitial fluid Relative constancy in intracellular fluid 2) Which of the following is true about physiological set-points? Answer choices They act as the integrating center in a negative feedback arc They represent the internal environment They are determined by the actions of the receptors and integrating centers They are constant They act as the effector in a negative feedback arc 3) What is the general purpose of negative feedback mechanisms? Answer choice a. to maintain a constant internal environment b. To anticipate changes in the environment c. To return a variable to its set-point d. To bring about the rapid change of a variable e. To detect changes in the external environmentarrow_forwardDiscuss a situation where the nervous system is functionally influencing the work system. (Give 5 situation and explain it)arrow_forward
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