Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2TY
Cells in cardiac muscle are able to contract in a coordinated fashion because of communication made possible through:
a. gap junctions
b. spot desmosomes
c. adhesion junctions
d. tight junctions
e. synapses
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Jose measures membrane potential in two neighboring cells. He notices that when the membrane potential changes in one cell, the membrane potential of the neighboring cell changes in a similar manner. For example, if one cell hyperpolarizes, the neighboring cell also hyperpolarizes. He concludes the cells are electrically coupled. Which of the following is the most likely to cause the electrical coupling?
a.) The electrical coupling is most probably due to integrins that connect the two cells.
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c.) The electrical coupling is most probably due to desmosomes that connect the two cells.
d.) The electrical coupling is most probably due to gap junctions that connect the two cells.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Health clinics sometimes cite retrospective...Ch. 4 - How important to you is FDA approval and/or...Ch. 4 - Describe some advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 4 -
2. Name the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CRCh. 4 - Prob. 4CRCh. 4 - List the 11 organ systems of the body and give at...Ch. 4 -
6. Define interstitial fluid.
Ch. 4 - Name the two cavities of the anterior body cavity...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 4 - Discuss the purpose of homeostasis in the body.Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CRCh. 4 -
1. Collagen and elastin fibers are typically...Ch. 4 -
2. Cells in cardiac muscle are able to contract...Ch. 4 - Which of the following membranes is not composed...Ch. 4 -
4. Exocrine and endocrine glands are types...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - What property do all muscle tissues have in...Ch. 4 -
7. Injury to bone heals more quickly than injury...Ch. 4 - Which of the following tissues may be found in the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is responsible for skin...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Prob. 11TYCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYCh. 4 - A substantial amount of nonliving extracellular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14TYCh. 4 - Reducing food intake may lead to weight loss by...Ch. 4 -
1. Your roommate says that the concept of...Ch. 4 - What do you think would be some of the problems...Ch. 4 - Sherlock Holmes, the greatest fictional detective...Ch. 4 -
4. Dieting is difficult. People who do manage to...Ch. 4 - Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground...Ch. 4 -
6. By definition, an organ is a structure...
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- Which of the following is not a way neuroglia cells help neurons? A. Provide support and protection B. Speed up electrical signals C. Provide nutrients D. Send electrical signals themselvesarrow_forwardPut these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind and carry out power strokes. 5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4arrow_forwardWhen an action potential arrives in an axon terminal, synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine are released by: a. facilitated diffusion. b. osmosis. c. exocytosis. d. endocytosis.arrow_forward
- Analogs of hemidesmosomes are the focal contact sites, which are also sites where the cell attaches to the extracellular matrix. These junctions are prevalent in fibroblasts but largely absent in epithelial cells. on the other hand, hemidesmosomes are prevalent in epithelial cells but absent in fibroblasts. In focal contact sites, intracellular connections are made to actin filaments, whereas in hemidesmosomes connections are made to intermediate filaments. Why do you suppose these two different cell types attach differently to the extracellular matrix?arrow_forwardPlease fill in the blanks: A(n) ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"] consists of a wave of depolarization that moves along the plasma membrane of a neuron or a muscle fiber. This wave of depolarization is immediately followed by repolarization. Depolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "negative", "positive"] . Depolarization occurs when calcium channels open in the plasma membrane. Repolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "positive", "negative"] , returning the cell to its resting potential. Repolarization occurs when ["calcium", "sodium", "potassium"] channels close and ["sodium", "calcium", "potassium"] channels open.arrow_forwardWhich of the fallowing is required to generate a membrane potential? I. A concentration gradient of ions II. Presence of neurotransmitters II. Semipermeable membrane a) II only b) I only c) II and III d) I and IIIarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about membrane ion channels is incorrect? a. mechanically gated channels respond to physical deformation b. ligand-gated channels respond to neurotransmitters c. voltage-gated channels respond to changes in membrane potential d. leakage channels have gates and are always open e. none of the abovearrow_forwardThe trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a characteristic property of an epithelium. Which of the following statements best describes the TEER? a.) A high trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is an indicator of a leaky epithelium in which paracellular diffusion of solute is likely to be high b.) A high trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is an indicator of a tight attachment between the epithelium and the basement membrane in which diffusion of solute across the basolateral surface is likely to be low c.) A high trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is an indicator of a tight epithelium in which paracellular diffusion of solute is likely to be lowarrow_forwardGap junctions are dynamic structures that, like conventional ion channels, are gated: they can close by a reversible conformational change in response to changes in the cell. the permeability of gap junctions decreases within seconds, for example, when the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is raised. speculate why this form of regulation might be important for the health of a tissue.arrow_forward
- What sort of cellular changes would you expect a sailor sick with scurvy to experience? O Their collagen (an extracellular matrix component) would be diminished, resulting in fewer binding sites for integrins. The end result would be less adherent cells. O Their collagen (a cytoskeletal fiber) would be diminished, resulting in a loss of contractile motion within the cell, affecting both cell migration and muscle function.arrow_forwardThe negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membranepotential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of:A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration.B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins.C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluidsD. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channellsarrow_forwardIn a resting cell, the membrane potential is between -70 and -90 mV. This occurs because ... Group of answer options ... proteins diffuse out of the cell ... 1.sodium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 2.potassium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 3.there are extra sodium ions outside and extra chloride ions inside themembrane ... 4there are fewer calcium ions inside the cell compared to outside which makes the inside more negativearrow_forward
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