Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 11TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In the human body, the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra make the urinary system. Its main function is to produce, accumulate, and eliminate the urine. It also removes other wastes from the body, regulates the level of metabolites, electrolytes, and blood pH (potential of hydrogen). Urine is stored and released by the bladder. It comes out of the body through the urethra.
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Regulation of physiological variables occurs primarily through
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b. positive feedback
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Many caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks have diuretic effects on the body. Why do caffeinated beverages increase the volume of urine?
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c. Caffeine increases ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
d. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
which of the following is NOT
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a. Not effective in regulation of
acid-base balance
b. Very effective in regulation of
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c. Secretion of insulin
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Health clinics sometimes cite retrospective...Ch. 4 - How important to you is FDA approval and/or...Ch. 4 - Describe some advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 4 -
2. Name the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CRCh. 4 - Prob. 4CRCh. 4 - List the 11 organ systems of the body and give at...Ch. 4 -
6. Define interstitial fluid.
Ch. 4 - Name the two cavities of the anterior body cavity...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 4 - Discuss the purpose of homeostasis in the body.Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CRCh. 4 -
1. Collagen and elastin fibers are typically...Ch. 4 -
2. Cells in cardiac muscle are able to contract...Ch. 4 - Which of the following membranes is not composed...Ch. 4 -
4. Exocrine and endocrine glands are types...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - What property do all muscle tissues have in...Ch. 4 -
7. Injury to bone heals more quickly than injury...Ch. 4 - Which of the following tissues may be found in the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is responsible for skin...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Prob. 11TYCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYCh. 4 - A substantial amount of nonliving extracellular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14TYCh. 4 - Reducing food intake may lead to weight loss by...Ch. 4 -
1. Your roommate says that the concept of...Ch. 4 - What do you think would be some of the problems...Ch. 4 - Sherlock Holmes, the greatest fictional detective...Ch. 4 -
4. Dieting is difficult. People who do manage to...Ch. 4 - Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground...Ch. 4 -
6. By definition, an organ is a structure...
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- What specific type of receptors are located in the urinary bladder that notify a person that they have to urinate a. Sympathetic receptors b. Nociceptors c. Efferent receptors d. Stretch receptorsarrow_forwardWhich of the following substances may start to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed? Select one: A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Glucose D. Protein E. Urea O O O O Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a component of filtrate but not normally a component of urine? a. water b. erythrocytes c. nitrogenous waste d. glucosearrow_forward
- Vasopressin is a hormone that is mainly released when the body lacks water. The release of vasopressin causes the kidneys to conserve water by concentrating urine and decreasing urine output. However, vasopressin also has additional functions in other tissues such as the brain and blood vessels, which are not directly involved in urine production. How might vasopressin trigger different responses in different tissues?arrow_forwardInterstital fluid is the same as: A. Extracellular Fluid B. Intracellular Fluid C. Intercellular Fluid D. Both A & Carrow_forwardIf an individual has decreased saliva production, increased blood osmotic pressure, decreased blood volume, and decreased blood pressure, he or she is experiencing a. edema. b. dehydration. c. hypotonic hydration. d. acidosis.arrow_forward
- The cortical nephron is characterized by all of the following except: a. short nephron loop b. glomerulus is further from the cortex-medulla junction c. glomerulus is close to the cortex-medulla junction d. efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillariesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true concerning kidney structure? a. The 'hilum' is the concave part of the kidney through which everything entering or leaving the kidney goes b. The kidney is surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule c. Urine collects in the renal sinus d. The renal medulla contains the renal corpuscles e. Each kidney contains about a million nephronsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asaparrow_forward
- The color of urine is determined mainly by a. diet b. filtration rate c. byproducts of red blood cell breakdown d. filtration efficiencyarrow_forwardThe renal capsule is a tough sheet of tissue that holds the kidneys tight to the posterior abdominal wall. You would expect this tissue to be composed of Select one: a. Neural tissue b. Dense irregular connective tissue c. Smooth muscle tissue d. Simple squamous epithelial tissue e. Dense regular connective tissuearrow_forwardThe main function of the nephron loop is to: A. Eliminate acid B. Recover glucose and salt from the tubule fluid C. Create a high osmotic concentration in use extracellular fluid of the renal medulla allowing water recovery D. Secrete drugs scubas penicillin This is not and will not be gradedarrow_forward
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