Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1QC
Health clinics sometimes cite retrospective studies to support their claim that the lipodissolve technique is safe. What is a “retrospective study”? How is it different from a controlled study?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
The retrospective study and its difference with a control study.
Introduction:
Everyone wants a fat free perfect body but that is not easy to achieve. This fantasy of having a perfect body is being used by many health clinics, they show retrospective studies to patients to make them believe that methods like Lipodissolve are safe and effective.
Explanation of Solution
The retrospective study investigates the effect of an exposure factor in a group of individuals and compares the result with another group of individuals who are not exposed to that exposure factor. A retrospective study looks backward so it is also known as a historical study. It is used in medical and psychological research.
The difference between controlled study and retrospective study:
| Controlled study | Retrospective study |
| The outcome of the study is unknown at the start of the study. | The outcome is already known at the start of the study. |
| It will try to determine the possible exposure factors that may cause the known outcome. | It will just compare the risk of developing the outcome to some already known exposure factors. |
| It is expensive and more time consuming. | Less expensive and less time consuming. |
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that even though retrospective studies are useful in medical and psychological research, it cannot predict the effectiveness of a drug.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
What is microparticulation machine and what is the usage and benefit of it for fat replacers? Will it be okay to use this technology for one's health?
why is it not enough to compare averages to judge whether treatment 1 and treatment 2 produced different results?
https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-020-00511-0
Write a critique on the following:
1. Is each research question addressed in the article?
2. Are the findings clearly described in the article?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Health clinics sometimes cite retrospective...Ch. 4 - How important to you is FDA approval and/or...Ch. 4 - Describe some advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 4 -
2. Name the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CRCh. 4 - Prob. 4CRCh. 4 - List the 11 organ systems of the body and give at...Ch. 4 -
6. Define interstitial fluid.
Ch. 4 - Name the two cavities of the anterior body cavity...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 4 - Discuss the purpose of homeostasis in the body.Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CRCh. 4 -
1. Collagen and elastin fibers are typically...Ch. 4 -
2. Cells in cardiac muscle are able to contract...Ch. 4 - Which of the following membranes is not composed...Ch. 4 -
4. Exocrine and endocrine glands are types...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - What property do all muscle tissues have in...Ch. 4 -
7. Injury to bone heals more quickly than injury...Ch. 4 - Which of the following tissues may be found in the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is responsible for skin...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Prob. 11TYCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYCh. 4 - A substantial amount of nonliving extracellular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14TYCh. 4 - Reducing food intake may lead to weight loss by...Ch. 4 -
1. Your roommate says that the concept of...Ch. 4 - What do you think would be some of the problems...Ch. 4 - Sherlock Holmes, the greatest fictional detective...Ch. 4 -
4. Dieting is difficult. People who do manage to...Ch. 4 - Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground...Ch. 4 -
6. By definition, an organ is a structure...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the application of EOQ in medicine procurement? Please answer at your own easy words. Answer should be to the point.arrow_forwardWhy do you think we should have "inclusion/exclusion criteria" section in a clinical study protocol? In order to have better recruitment in a clinical study, one should keep the exclusion criteria to the minimum. Do you think this is a good practice or not? And why? What would be the impact in each case?arrow_forward1) Identify the type of observational study (cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective) and explain the reason for your selection: A group of physicians studied New York City residents with and without respiratory problems. They went back in time to determine how involved they were in the New York City terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. 1) The company Spanish Publications has commissioned you to carry out a survey of 100 student users of its Spanish book. Describe the procedures for obtaining a random sample.arrow_forward
- Now consider the use of Table 1 within the nursing research article. When reading research articles, many people will skip over the tables and figures. Why do you think the authors included it? Was it helpful? Why or why not? Note: I can't post the article but here's a paragraph where Table 1 is mentioned. RESULTS Patient selection and baseline characteristics Between 2010 and 2015, 132 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer at the Diakonessenhuis. Four patients were excluded from further analysis because they were treated elsewhere. Therefore, 128 patients were included in this study. Baseline characteristics for patients agedarrow_forwardDOES THIS SOURCE PASS THE CRAAP TEST? Stephenson, Judith, et al. "Before the Beginning: Nutrition and Lifestyle in the Preconception Period and its Importance for Future Health." The Lancet, vol. 391, no. 10132, 2018, pp. 1830-1841. ProQuest, https://libproxy.howardcc.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/before-beginning-nutrition-lifestyle/docview/2034228794/se-2, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30311-8.arrow_forwardWhat is the independent variable(s)? Dependent variable? What is the control? What is the purpose of sanitizing the apple prior to inoculating it with plantarum and L. monocytogenes? Why must this work be done in a biological safety cabinet?arrow_forward
- If only the person collecting the data knew who was receiving the pills and who was receiving the placebo, which of the following best describes the study type? A Control B Single blind C Double blind D Bias Answer is B. Single blind? Can you help me to explain to me step by step?arrow_forwardA researcher would like to evaluate the claim that a new drug, "Acne Buster" can help individuals eliminate acne. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 different groups. One group of participants is given the Acne Buster pill daily and the other group is given a placebo (sugar pill). The researcher records the number of acne outbreaks each individual experiences during the 30-day trial run. What type of study (correlational, longitudinal, experimental, naturalistic observation) is this?arrow_forwardWhat are the diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring aspect of ALL? Then You need to find papers and data that supports and evaluates these (diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring aspect) to be clear you have to talk about therpautic option, how its treatments and how its diagnosed and how its monitored, there need to EVIDENCE of evaluation of these methods and that means getting data that supports and evaluates why that that methods is being used? provide graphs and reference for the studies used to evaluate the point and evidencearrow_forward
- Draw the concept of diagnostic specificity in the medical laboratory.arrow_forwardMethods should be 4-5 paragraphs long. Describe the exact set-up of the experiment to a Brassica rapa plant for a lighting experiment with natural sunlight and artificial lighting including how many plants you started with, what the seeds were planted in, if anything was added to the environment, etc. Describe in detail how to measure the Brassica rapa. Describe the variables that were held constant. Specifically, address the difference between the control groups versus experimental groups and how exactly you applied an independent variable which is the duration of light exposure of the Brassica rapa to the experimental group members. Quantify the independent variable.arrow_forwardExplain the pros and cons of 1RM and RM testing. Which test is safer and why?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (Min...NursingISBN:9781337406291Author:Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey, Cindy CoreyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (Min...
Nursing
ISBN:9781337406291
Author:Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey, Cindy Corey
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Animal Communication | Ecology & Environment | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsMbn3b1Bis;License: Standard Youtube License