Chapter 3, Problem 2P

In the group theory, what is meant by the symbols (a) E, (b) $\text{σ}$, (c) ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}$ and (d) ${\text{S}}_{\text{n}}$? What is the distinction between planes labelled ${\text{σ}}_{\text{h}}\text{,}{\text{σ}}_{\text{v}}\text{,}{\text{σ}}_{\text{v}}^{\text{'}}\text{and}{\text{σ}}_{\text{d}}$?