When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes
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Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
- While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…arrow_forward"Transporters saturate at high concentrations of the transported molecule when all their binding sites are occupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind the ions they transport and thus the flux of ions through a channel does not saturate." is true or false.arrow_forwardFor the following scenario you must draw the situation depicted, indicate which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (as applicable), and then show with arrows which way water will move. Then you must write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. Ouch! Sore throat! It is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. And you have an oral presentation today. Better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! Explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosis.arrow_forward
- Proteins are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as mitochondria/chloroplasts. There is also a transport that goes via vesicles. Describe these three different transport systems and explain how the cell knows which protein will end up in the organal.arrow_forwardList four intracellular mediators affected by G proteins.arrow_forwardFlippases help maintain membrane asymmetry. True Falsearrow_forward
- Define: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport and cotransport (by sure to address symport and antiport) . please explain this iin one sentense for each one please. note: I do not want more than one sentensearrow_forward"Tight junctions perform two distinct functions: they seal the space between cells to restrict paracellular flow and they fence off plasma membrane domains to prevent the mixing of apical and basolateral membrane proteins" is true or false.arrow_forwardAtherosclerosis can obstruct or block flow in arteries, including those that provide oxygenated blood to the heart. Elevated levels of [ Select ] ["LDL, and VLDL", "HDL"] are associated with atherosclerosis, most likely because of their role in delivery of lipids to peripheral tissues and cells. Smooth muscle cells are recruited to the site of damage, where they [ Select ] ["induce apoptosis of endothelial cells", "proliferate"] , hence expanding the extent of the lesion.arrow_forward
- Glucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forwardfor the following scenario, DRAW the situation depicted, INDICATE which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (if applicable), and then show with ARROWS which way water will move. then write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. ouch! sore throat! it is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. and you have an oral presentation today. better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosisarrow_forwardWhy would the amount of protein E bound to immobilized heparin fall in the presence of soluble heparin?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning