Concept explainers
To explain:
How maternal antibodies are transported across the cells lining a newborn's digestive tract into the bloodstream.
Introduction:
The plasma membrane allows the entry of nutrient molecules and the exit of secretory and waste products. The plasma membrane primarily consists of proteins and lipids, and some amounts of carbohydrate. Plasma membrane transporting proteins or carrier proteins across the membrane transfers specific substances that cannot cross the membrane on their own. Each carrier can only transport a specific molecule or group of molecules closely related to it. There are different types of carriers for cells. As a result, the substances they transport can vary selectively across their membranes.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
- 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Provide the word that best fits the definition for each part below. A protein on the surface of macrophages and other immune cells that recognizes and binds the constant regions of antibodies in antibody-antigen complexes. The portion of an antigen that is recognized by a particular antibody. An antibody that is produced by a hybridoma, a hybrid between a normal B cell and a B cell tumor. A pharmaceutical product that is produced from living organisms or contains components of living organisms. Description of a monoclonal antibody that has been engineered to have the original murine variable regions of the heavy and light chains coupled with human constant regions of the heavy and light chains. A generic form of a biologic drug. It is not identical in structure but identical in function, side effects, and toxicity. A new cancer therapy in which the tail end of an anti-cancer antibody is replaced by a T cell. Binding of the antibody to the tumor can…arrow_forwardIf someone receives a blood transfusion or organ transplant, their body will notice the donor cells' ID tags. Their body might launch an immune response which includes the release of little proteins called antibodies. This is why ID tags and other surface markers on cell surfaces are often referred to as ______. ANSWER: A) autophagous B) membrane mediated transfer proteins C) carriers D) antigensarrow_forwardFasL (in a somatic cell ) interaction with Fas receptor in ( an immune cell) will lead to ............ of the immune cell.arrow_forward
- The ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here. Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein? The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?arrow_forwarda) How does Venetoclax, a BH3 mimetic, function in increasing cellular death? In your answer make sure you include what molecules Venetoclax binds and how this helps trigger cell death. b) How would addition of a BH3 mimetic increase cytoplasmic p53-mediated cellular death?arrow_forwardDiagram an IgG molecule and label (a) the Fc region and (b) the areas that combine with antigen.arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardIs a hematopoietic cell pluripotent? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe Fab regions of an antibody are made of which protein chain? A) a heavy chain containing only constant regions B) a light chain containing variable and constant regions C) a heavy chain containing variable and constant regions D) both a light chain and a heavy chain containing variable and constant regions E) both a light chain containing variable and constant regions and a heavy chain containing only constant regionsarrow_forward
- (66)A laboratory animal is scheduled to be immunized by receiving weekly injections of antigen X. Analysis of serum drawn 2 days after the last immunization would show antibodies to antigen X to be primarily of which of the following classes? (A) IgA (B) IgD (C) IgE (D)IgG (E)IgMarrow_forwardWhy do antibodies against cell surface antigens often produce pathological reactions while antibodies against intracellular antigens do not?arrow_forwardGive one example each of T4 early, middle, and late proteins.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning