Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 6RE
Summary Introduction
To match:
The means of membrane transport on the left with the direction of movement on the right.
Introduction:
Any substance that passes between cells and the enveloping extracellular fluid must possess the tendency to pass through the plasma membrane. If a component can pass through the membrane, the membrane is considered permeable for that component, however, in case if the component cannot pass, then the membrane is considered impermeable to it. The plasma membrane possesses the tendency of selective permeability, that is, it allows some of the particles to go through while inhibiting the others.
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Define: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport and cotransport (by sure to address symport and antiport) .
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The surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - Draw how phospholipid molecules align themselves...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.3 - Distinguish between passive and active forces that...Ch. 3.4 - List the means of unassisted membrane transport.Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.5 - Draw a graph comparing simple diffusion down a...Ch. 3.5 - Describe what causes the carrier to change shape...Ch. 3.5 - Distinguish between symport and antiport.Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.6 - Describe the relative contributions of k+ and Na+...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3 - The nonpolar tails of the phospholipid molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RECh. 3 - Prob. 3RECh. 3 - At resting membrane potential, there is a slight...Ch. 3 - Using the answer code on the right, indicate which...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RECh. 3 - Prob. 7RECh. 3 - Prob. 1UCCh. 3 - Prob. 2UCCh. 3 - What two properties of a particle influence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4UCCh. 3 - Prob. 5UCCh. 3 - Prob. 6UCCh. 3 - Describe the contribution of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Using the Nernst equation, calculate the...Ch. 3 - One of the important uses of the Nernst equation...Ch. 3 - Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, determine...Ch. 3 - When William H. was helping victims after a...Ch. 3 - Which of the following methods of transport is...Ch. 3 - Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to...Ch. 3 - A solution may have the same osmolarity as normal...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 3 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- In Chapters 11 & 12, the following examples of membrane transport proteins are given. Fill out the table with the correct answer for that particular transport protein. Type of transport protein (channel or carrier/transporter?) K* leak channel glucose transporter bacteriorhodopsin Na-K pump glucose-Na symport Na-H exchanger Performs active or passive transport? Energy source for movement of solute(s) or ion(s) Direction of movement of solute(s) or ion(s) with respect to the electrochemical gradient Na K* Na glucose Na H' Direction of movement of solute(s) or ion(s) with respect to the membrane crossed Na K₁ Na' glucose Na H' Is the protein a uniport, symport, antiport, or none of the above?arrow_forwardA student designed an experiment to test whether different concentration gradients affect the rate of diffusion through dialysis tubing. Four different solutions (0% NaCl, 1% NaCl, 5% NaCl, and 10% NaCl) were tested under identical conditions. Twenty mL of each solution was placed into separate dialysis tubing that is permeable to Na+, Cl-, and water. Each bag was placed in a separate beaker and covered with distilled water. The concentration of NaCl in the water outside of each bag was measured at 40-second intervals. The graph below shows the results from the 5% bag: Concentration of NaCl Outside of Dialysis Bags Concentration of NaCl (mg/L) 400 320 240 160 80 0 40 80 Time(seconds) 120 5% Solution 160 a. Describe the process of diffusion through the dialysis tubing. b. If you were to design a different experiment testing rates of diffusion, identify experimental procedures. c. Analyze that data in the graph and describe the results. Provide reasoning to justify your answer. d.…arrow_forwardConsider a solute having a permeability coefficient of 10-6 m s-1 for the plasma membrane of a cylindrical Chara cell that is 100 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. Assume that its concentration remains essentially uniform within the cell. Untitled Title A. How much time would it take for 90% of the solute to diffuse out into a large external solution initially devoid of that substance?* B. How much time would it take if diffusion occurred only at the two ends of the cell?* C. How would the times calculated in A and B change for 99% of the solute to diffuse out? D. How would the times change if Pj were 10-8 m s-1?*arrow_forward
- the maximal rate of solute movement during diffusion is greater than during mediated transport true or false?arrow_forwardWhat is the Description and Examples in the body of these Cell transport? Explain in 2-3 sentencesDescription:Examples in the body: a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Facilitated Diffusionarrow_forwardIf you made a hematocrit in two tubes. Tube A is made of 0.60M NaCl, and Tube B is made of 1.00M of NaCl, describe how the cell would respond in these solutions? Which would have a higher rate of osmosis? If the cell is permeable to NaCl, which would have a higher rate of diffusion?arrow_forward
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