Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The nucleophile, electrophile and the leaving group in the following substitution reaction should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Substitution reactions are the
Nucleophiles are the electron-rich species that donate an electron pair in the reaction and electrophiles are the electron-deficient and accept an electron pair in the reaction. The leaving group is a part of the molecule that departs or leaves with a pair of electrons in the heterolytic cleavage.
A substitution reaction favors product formation if a weaker base is formed relative to the nucleophile and vice-versa.
(b)
Interpretation:
The nucleophile, electrophile and the leaving group in the following substitution reaction should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Substitution reactions are the chemical reactions in which an atom, ion or group in one molecule is replaced by the other. These are also known as the single displacement or single substitution reactions.
Nucleophiles are the electron-rich species that donate an electron pair in the reaction and electrophiles are the electron-deficient and accept an electron pair in the reaction. The leaving group is a part of the molecule that departs or leaves with a pair of electrons in the heterolytic cleavage.
A substitution reaction favors product formation if a weaker base is formed relative to the nucleophile and vice-versa.
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
- H Br Br2 CH2Cl2 H, Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Brɔ, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH2Clɔ. In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions H Br H- Br H. :Br: Proviouc Noxtarrow_forward8. What is the product? NH2 mild acid heat NH2 NH2 NH II III IV А) I В) ПС) II D) IVarrow_forwardWhich statement is false regarding the following system? + HX Addition Elimination H -X O A positive AG means that the equilibrium will favor the reactants because the entropy term is larger than the enthalpy term representing the gain of entropy when one molecule becomes two. O A negative AG means that the equilibrium will favor the products because the enthalpy term is larger than the entropy term representing the loss of entropy when two molecules become one. Elimination reactions are thermodynamically favored at high temperatures, where the entropy of the reaction will be larger than the enthalpy, causing a positive AG and the reactants to be favored over the products. Addition reactions are thermodynamically favored at high temperatures, where the entropy of the reaction will be larger than the enthalpy, causing a positive AG and the reactants to be favored over the products.arrow_forward
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