Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The principal product formed when
Concept introduction:
The general mechanism of electrophilic addition is as follows:
Step1:
Step2: Then the nucleophilic part of reagent adds to the carbocation to give the addition product.
These steps can be illustrated as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
The principal product formed in the monochlorination of propane should be predicted and written.
Concept introduction:
The reaction between chlorine and propane under ultraviolet light is the monohalogenation reaction. This is essentially a substitution reaction. Every possible monochlorinated products are formed. The major one is the one where chlorine is attached at the terminal carbon.
The principal product in the halogenation of
(c)
Interpretation:
The principal product when isopropyl alcohol is heated with benzoic acid should be predicted and written.
Concept introduction:
Heating alcohol and acid involve esterification reaction and an ester is formed along with the release of a water molecule.
The reaction can be illustrated as:
Where
The general mechanistic pathway for esterification as proposed by Fischer is as follows:
(d)
Interpretation:
The principal product when
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of alcohols can be done with an oxidizing reagent.
Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized as they do not have hydrogen; the secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones and no further oxidation is possible since ketones do not have any hydrogen that can be lost in an oxidation reaction.
While the primary alcohols oxidized to
The general formula of a tertiary, secondary and primary alcohol is represented as follows:
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
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