Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 2TYU
To appiy parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree,
- (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable.
- (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible.
- (C) choose the tree that represents the fevvest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology.
- (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
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To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
Which statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees?
a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved
b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related
c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa
d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarily
Which of the following CANNOT be learned by looking at phylogenetic trees?
(A) ALL of these.
(B) Which groups of species represent natural monophyletic groups (clades) that should be named.
(C) Which ancestral nodes (representing extinct ancestors) might be older than other ancestral nodes.
(D) Which extant species are older than other extant species.
(E) Which characteristics most likely evolved along specific branches of the evolutionary tree.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.1 - DRAW IT The bear family (Ursidae) is more closety...Ch. 26.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 26.4 - Explain how comparing proteins of two species can...Ch. 26.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.5 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the origin of...Ch. 26 - Humans and chimpanzees are sister species. Explain...Ch. 26 - Why is it necessary to distinguish homology from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3CRCh. 26 - When reconstructing phylogenies, is it more useful...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5CRCh. 26 - Prob. 26.6CRCh. 26 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 26 - To appiy parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS In Figure 26.4, which similarly...Ch. 26 - Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 26 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS The relative lengths of the frog and...Ch. 26 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 26 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a...Ch. 26 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION In a Short essay...Ch. 26 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic trees? 1) The branch lengths on the tree are scaled to molecular (DNA) changes and/or time. 2)Phylogenetic trees have shown us that there is much more bacterial diversity compared to eukaryotes. 3) Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. 4). The branch lengths on the tree depict abiotic and biotic factors affecting speciation.arrow_forward7) Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Select all the statements that are supported by this tree. A) Gray whales are the common ancestor of the Blue and Humpback whales. B) Blue and humpback whales diverged more recently than either did from the gray whale. C) The Bryde's whale shares a more recent common ancestor with the Sei whale than with the Fin whale. D) The blue and the Bryde's whale have more traits in common with each other than with any other two species, E) Southern minke whales and Northern minke whales have more traits in common with each other than with any other species. Not Gradedarrow_forwardExamine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply. A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree. B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor. C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species. D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles. E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.arrow_forward
- a) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. c) How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious? Use figure 20.5 and 20.12 from the Campbell, Biology in focus. Can you pls explain this to me?arrow_forwardThese (1) are remnants of what was once useful to the ancestors of the species. Furthermore, we can infer from the distribution of related species across the Earth the connections between ancient landmasses. Finally, through (2) evidence found in the DNA, we have observed conserved genes and traceable mutations that tell us the phylogenetic relationships of life on earth.arrow_forwardOn a phylogenetic tree, the length of branches is a.) The comparison of homologous DNA and RNA sequences provided by Woese. b.) The separation of living organisms into three domains c.) The point in evolution when, based on scientific evidence, an ancestor is thought to have diverged to form two new species. d.) Proportional to the time elapsed since the split.arrow_forward
- 1. a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What do the lines and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding vestigial traits? A) They represent transitional character states for example between the presence or absence of a feature. B) They help to support proposed phylogenetic placement. C) They are likely present because there is no fitness cost to their retention or because they are in the process of being removed due to light selective pressure. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of these phylogenetic trees shows different relationships from the others? Tree 1) Tree 4) Tree 2) Tree 5) Tree 3) Tree 6) *arrow_forward
- In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent commonancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transferarrow_forwardThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forwardThe approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.arrow_forward
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