Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26.6, Problem 3CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Ø Explain how the origin of eukaryotes is thought to have represented a fusion of organisms, leading to extensive horizontal gene transfer. (See Figure 25.10.)
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All of the following statements are true about the3-domain classification system EXCEPT:(a) The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.(b) Lateral gene transfer has forced us to rethink our do-main model from a “tree of life” to a “shrub of life.”(c) Domains are higher than the category of kingdoms.(d) Compared to Bacteria, Archaea inhabit the same en-virons and have the same amount of peptidoglycan intheir cell walls.(e) All of the above are true.
For each of the following indicate if they evolved once, twice, or perhaps several times.
a) acquisition of mitochondria
b) acquisition of chloroplast
c) multicellularity
d) origin of ribosomes
Explain 5 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory of origin to the energy organelles within Eukaryotes (i.e.mitochondria and chloroplasts).
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.1 - DRAW IT The bear family (Ursidae) is more closety...Ch. 26.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 26.4 - Explain how comparing proteins of two species can...Ch. 26.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.5 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the origin of...Ch. 26 - Humans and chimpanzees are sister species. Explain...Ch. 26 - Why is it necessary to distinguish homology from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3CRCh. 26 - When reconstructing phylogenies, is it more useful...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5CRCh. 26 - Prob. 26.6CRCh. 26 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 26 - To appiy parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS In Figure 26.4, which similarly...Ch. 26 - Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 26 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS The relative lengths of the frog and...Ch. 26 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 26 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a...Ch. 26 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION In a Short essay...Ch. 26 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.arrow_forwardThe Ftsz protein is produced by certain eukaryotic organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, and localizes to sites where these organelles divide. How is this finding consistent with current theories of the origin of eukaryotes? Select all that apply. • View Available Hint(s) It suggests that FtsZ has different functions in prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells. That bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have ribosomes is consistent with the endosymbiosis hypothesis. It suggests that FtsZ evolved independently as eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells diverged. That bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have the same cytoskeletal proteins is consistent with the endosymbiosis hypothesis. That bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have the same small circular chromosome is consistent with the endosymbiosis hypothesis. Submitarrow_forwardq3 Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes.b) Review the evolution of TCS in eukaryote.arrow_forward
- a) Describe some characteristics and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.b) How do the three domains of life differ from one another?c) Two of the organelles in eukaryotes, the mitochondrion and the chloroplast are believed to haveoriginated through a process of symbiosis. Discuss some of the theories of the origins ofmitochondria and chloroplastsarrow_forwardInstagram „l ? 11:07 AM @ 46% Preview I think so.. Nardin Al Kindi · 40m Physical Suhail Al Mashaykhi 39m Today at 10:58 AM 31) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) the universality of the genetic code C) the structure of the nucleus D) the structure of cilia E) the structure of chloroplasts Answer: B Please students If one of you answer this question before and can explain it for me Saif Al Abri 8m Thanks nardin and suhail Fael Al Saadi 7m 59888 04 History is onarrow_forwardEvolutionary microbiologists developed a theory about a common ancestor for all eukaryotic cells. Below is a model of the theorized changes during the origin of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are not capable of phagocytosis, or engulfing outside particles by creating a pocket in the cell membrane. Which of the following changes in early prokaryotes could be predicted to result in the emergence of eukaryotic organisms? A - the development of genetic transfer mechanisms in prokaryotes B - the evolution of predatory or parasitic relationships in prokaryotes C - the emergence of collections of cells functioning together in prokaryotes D = the expansion of internal structures to support larger individual cells in prokaryotesarrow_forward
- 1. Why was the great oxygenation event important for mitochondrial development? a) In your own words, define symbiotic. 2. Chloroplasts and mitochondria both contain a circular DNA chromosome, and ribosomes. Why does this evidence support the theory of endosymbiosis as the mechanism for the origin of eukaryotic cells? a) Today, could mitochondria live independently of their eukaryotic cell host? Give two pieces of evidence to support your answer.arrow_forwardIn the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, these cells have evolved key changes that include which of the following: a) These cells reproduce by copying their DNA perfectly each generation b) They have their DNA in the nucleoid area c) They have adapted the mesosome membrane system of the prokaryote to form a nucleus and an endoplasmic reticulum d) each new type of new eukaryote cell has its mRNA unchanged from its original mRNA e) none of these are truearrow_forwardHow Endosymbiotic theory can be applied to biomolecules as it invloves in the development of nucleic acid and DNA? Explain!arrow_forward
- Describe the Theory of Endosymbiosis. a) Briefly define the Endosymbiotic Theory. 2 pts,b) Explain why the Theory of Endosymbiosis is considered a “theory” and not a “hypothesis.” 3 pts,c) Provide a description of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including at least 4 similarities and 4 structural differences. 4 pts,d) Describe the sequence of events with anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes that led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells. (Be sure to define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.) 6 pts,e) Explain how each, the anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, benefited from the relationship. 4 pts,f) Describe 7 pieces of evidence for this scientific theory. Some of this evidence will consist of a list of similarities between mitochondria characteristics and bacteria characteristics. Along with this list of similarities, explain HOW the characteristics are similar. 10 pts,g) The Endosymbiotic Theory…arrow_forwardIn comparing bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, which statement below among A - D is false? A) O the members of two of these three groups comprise cells that lack a nuclear membrane B) O archaea and eukaryotes share some similarities in the componeents of gene expression C) O having diverse types of metabolism is a feature of the members of archaea and bacteria D) Oa cytoplasmic membrane is a feature shared by all the cells in these three groups E) OA-E are all truearrow_forwardThe evolution of the highly complex eukaryotic cell was possible because.. A) Mesosomes released enzymes in to the nucleus B) Two types of prokaryotic bacteria became endo symbiotic invaders of the complex cells C) The DNA of the eukaryote cell functions within the nucleoid area D) Chloroplasts were able to use 02 to conduct photosynthesis E) the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane contained mitochondria Explain whyarrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License