Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 8TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at a species' close relatives to learn what its ancestors may have been like. Explain how bis suggestion anticipates recent methods, such as phylogenetic bracketing and the use of outgroups in cladistic analysis.
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PLEASE ASWER CONCISELY IN 2 SENTENCES
MAKE SURE TO ANSWER BOTH QUESTIONS BELOW:
1. Fill in the table according to the principle of parsimony. For example, Trait 1 is present in taxa D and E. The most parsimonious explanation is that it evolved only once
2. Place each trait on the phylogeny with a solid line where it evolved and an “X" if/where it was lost
Identify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red.
Identify the most recent common ancestor for species A and B and mark it in blue. Identify the
most recent common ancestor for species C and D and mark it in green.
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Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are
related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes
numbered 1 through 8.
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Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would
be MOST closely related to the species on branch C?
O A. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species
on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same
time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the same height.
O B. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on
branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at
node 2.
C. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch c
because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors.
D. The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C
because they…
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.1 - DRAW IT The bear family (Ursidae) is more closety...Ch. 26.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 26.4 - Explain how comparing proteins of two species can...Ch. 26.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.5 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the origin of...Ch. 26 - Humans and chimpanzees are sister species. Explain...Ch. 26 - Why is it necessary to distinguish homology from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3CRCh. 26 - When reconstructing phylogenies, is it more useful...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5CRCh. 26 - Prob. 26.6CRCh. 26 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 26 - To appiy parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS In Figure 26.4, which similarly...Ch. 26 - Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 26 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS The relative lengths of the frog and...Ch. 26 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 26 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a...Ch. 26 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION In a Short essay...Ch. 26 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram (This is all about Biology: Systematics Based on Evolutionary Relationships: Cladistics and Phylogeny). Steps: 1. Choose a group of organisms (e.g. invertebrates);2. Download pictures of different species.3. In tabular form, list all the characters. Evaluate the characters (whether primitive or derived).4. Remember that in building your cladogram, use only shared derived characters.5. Construct your own cladogram.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms in your own words: Homologous character Character state Clade Cladogramarrow_forward
- Make a list of at least 10 morphological characters that you might use to generate a phylogenetic tree of the Caminalcules. Ignore the numbers found next to each Caminalcules- they do not represent who evolved first, second, etc. 2.Construct a phylogenetic tree of relationships (Hint: it may be easiest to cut out the critters so you can move them easily and then paste on them on a paper and draw the branches accordingly). 3.Identify at least 2 recent common ancestors and write at least three critical morphological changes along the branches on which they occurred. For example, did the claws appear (or disappear) as the different species evolved? 4.Take a picture of your phylogenetic tree and submit it with this document. ***Please note, this lab can be frustrating because you are “creating” the evolutionary story of how these critters evolved and who is more closely related to who (or not) along the way. There is no wrong answer since every student will focus on different…arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic system can specifically distinguish homology from analogy * True Falsearrow_forwardIdentify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species A and B and mark it in blue. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species C and D and mark it in green. E A B C D E B C D Earrow_forward
- Phylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forwardEVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at aspecies’ close relatives to learn what its ancestors may havebeen like. Explain how his suggestion anticipates recentmethods, such as phylogenetic bracketing and the use ofoutgroups in cladistic analysis.arrow_forwardUse the data matric provided to draft a phylogenetic tree. Label the outgroup and indicate the origin of each of the Pax genes on the tree. Presence of Pax Genes * Pax1 Pax2 Pax3 Pax4 Pax5 Genes → Species ↓ S. Philomina 1 1 1 1 1 J. Antar 1 1 1 1 0 M. Aflaton 1 1 1 1 0 J. Fangaloza 1 1 0 0 0 A. Harisa 0 0 0 0 0 *1 = present; 0 = absentarrow_forward
- n which situation would it make sense to use the phylogenetic species concept? When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When working with fossils from extinct organismsarrow_forwardWhat information can be easily shown in a cladogram? Select all that applies. I. Parent-offspring relationships I. Evolutionary relationships II. Adaptive traits IV. Unique molecular markersarrow_forwardCHARACTERS 1 2 3 4 5 SPECIES A 0 0 1 0 0 B 1 0 1 0 1 C 1 0 1 1 0 D 1 1 1 0 1 Use the cladistic approach (using parsimony) to draw the tree that derives from the same data matrix above. Map both the species and the traits to your tree.arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license