Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 1TYU
In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is
- (A) a shared ancestral character.
- (B) a shared derived character.
- (C) a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
- (D) an example of analogy rather than homology.
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MUSTAFA OZERIAFPIGetty Images
All mammals have tailbones and muscles for moving a tail. Even humans have a reduced tailbone and remnant tail-twitching muscles, though these features have no apparent usefulness. These traits in humans would best be described as (a) convergent structures. (b) fossil evidence. (c) evidence from biogeography. (d) vestigial traits.
What is plausible evidence supporting the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs? Please choose the best option.
a) Dinosaurs and birds are both predatory.b) Fossilized transitional forms are discovered that possess features of birds and dinosaurs yet are difficult to classify into either group.c) The wing structure of a bird is similar to a dinosaur.d) Bird fossils can be found alongside dinosaur fossils.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.1 - DRAW IT The bear family (Ursidae) is more closety...Ch. 26.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 26.4 - Explain how comparing proteins of two species can...Ch. 26.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.5 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the origin of...Ch. 26 - Humans and chimpanzees are sister species. Explain...Ch. 26 - Why is it necessary to distinguish homology from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3CRCh. 26 - When reconstructing phylogenies, is it more useful...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5CRCh. 26 - Prob. 26.6CRCh. 26 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 26 - To appiy parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS In Figure 26.4, which similarly...Ch. 26 - Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 26 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 26 - VISUAL SKILLS The relative lengths of the frog and...Ch. 26 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 26 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a...Ch. 26 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION In a Short essay...Ch. 26 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- (a) How do you describe the data from the amino acid sequence to anatomical features provided in the cladogram? Are they generally associated with one another? (b) do you agree that the more differences in amino acid sequence, the more closely related organisms are, if yes does that mean they shall be group under the same biological classification? (c) in the molecular data provided, describe how human and rhesus monkey relate with one another (d) why do you think 30 and chicken are different species despite the fact that they have the same sequence of amino acids for cytochrome c protein? help plssss, thank u! thank u!arrow_forwardWhen two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.arrow_forwardTraits that are specialized to a particular lineage, and not widely shared among remotely related lineages, are called (a)ancestral (primitive) (b)derived (modified) (c) non adaptivearrow_forward
- Mammals, like humans and apes, have 5 digits on their fore and hind limbs. Modern horses have 1. How might you recontrust the ancestral state of mammal tow number?a) investigate the number of toes on all extant horses and apesb) investigate the number of toes for other mammals and use parsimony to deduce the ancestral statec) investigate the number of toes for an outgroup that is closely related to mammals, for example reptiles or amphibiansd) either b or ce) all of the abovearrow_forward1). There is quite a bit of variation in fossils attributed to the species Homo habilis. Some of the fossils have larger brains (750cc) and flat, wide faces. If separated out from Homo habilis, these fossils would be placed in the genus and species called ................ 2) In order to get Johnny's Child to be placed in the genus Homo, the Leakeys downgraded the Cerebral Rubicon from 700cc to ..............ccarrow_forwardWhich is NOT an example of a structural homology? Please choose all applicable options. a) All vertebrate embryos form pharyngeal pouches.b) Vertebrate forelimbs generally have the same number and a similar arrangement of bones.c) The same group of embryonic cells forms the adult jaw of a perch and of a dog.d) All organisms share a common genetic code.arrow_forward
- a) Which of the derived traits came into existence before the bony shell? b) List all the derived characters in the table that would have been present in the ancestor to gorillas, wolves and humans.arrow_forwardThese are images of the Taung Child, an Australopithecus africanus fossil discovered in South Africa by Raymond Dart. a) Name two features that would have indicated to Dr. Dart that this fossil was very ape-like.b) Name two features that would have seemed very human-like to Dr. Dart. (First Picture is skull and second is Brain)arrow_forwardReduced tailbones and the associated remnant muscles in humans are an example of what type of evidence for common descent? (a) artificial selection (b) homologous traits (c) biogeography (d) fossil evidencearrow_forward
- The earliest hominin that most paleoanthropologists place in genus Homo is (a) H. habilis (b) H. ergaster (c) H. erectus (d) H. heidelbergensis (e) H. neanderthalensisarrow_forwarda) Which of the derived traits came into existence before the bony shell? Explain. b) List all the derived characters in the table that would have been present in the ancestor to gorillas, wolves and humans. Explain.arrow_forward375 million years ago, the population of organisms we call Tiktaalik had variation in many aspects of the appendages including the bones, muscles and nerves. What evolutionary force was likely most responsible for rapid adaptation and the relatively rapid evolution of limbs in this lineage? (A) natural selection (B) NONE of these C) mutations D genetic drift (E) speciationarrow_forward
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