Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 2.4, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The experiment to determine the actual order of events of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) replication in Bacillus subtilis.
Introduction:
Bacterial DNA is also a double-helical DNA but is not found as a thread or in the linear form. It is found to be in circular form. The DNA is comprised of purines and pyrimidine. The bacterial DNA is in different arrangements as compared to the DNA of a eukaryotic cell but the events of
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You wish to produce a high-value protein using recombinant DNA technology. Would you try to develop a chemical defined medium or a complex medium? Why? Explain what semiconservative replication means. Give characteristic dimensions for each of these organisms: E. coli Yeast (S. cerevisiae) Liver cell (hepatocyte) Plant cell .What are the differences in cell envelope structure between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria? These differences become important if you wish to genetically engineer bacteria to excrete proteins into the extracellular fluid.
There are 6 parts to this question: This is a follow up to the prior question regarding
the replication of the DNA strand below.
The DNA strand is here for your reference and you do not need to do anything with or
to it.
TC GATATCGG
AGCTATAGCC
c) what enzyme separated the parental DNA template strands,
d) what bonds were broken?
e) what enzyme replicates DNA
f) before DNA can be replicated/copied, what must be laid down to allow the enzyme
in "e" to replicated the DNA (be specific)?
g) our DNA is replicated in many "pieces", what enzyme connects these many "pieces"
into one continuous DNA strand that becomes the sister chromatid?
h) during what specific phase of the cell cycle does this DNA replication process
occur? (This should be a review question from last topics we covered).
You conducted an experiment to determine the mechanism of DNA replication in the hypothetical organism Fungus mungus. Your data shows that synthesis of newly replicated DNA from F. mungus is discontinuous on both strands of the replication fork. Does this result support or not support the hypothesis that F. mungus replicates its DNA by the same mechanism as yeast?
Briefly explain your answer.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2TQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 2 - Prob. 11RQCh. 2 - Prob. 12RQCh. 2 - Prob. 13RQCh. 2 - Prob. 14RQCh. 2 - Prob. 15RQCh. 2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 2 - Prob. 4TQ
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- What are the three models of DNA replication? With the aid of illustrations, show how the Meselson Stahl experiment come to the conclusion of one model of DNA replication. Is DNA replication bidirectional? How did you arrive at this conclusion? Explain the bacterial replication model that supports this conclusion.arrow_forwardOnce in human cells, which of the following statements might best describe how COVID19 replicates? a) Manipulates DNA Polymerase III to create a leading strand replication of the RNA b) Manipulates DNA Polymerase III to create a lagging strand replication of the RNA c) Manipulates Reverse Transcriptase to transcribe RNA sense strand into DNA antisense strand then back d) Manipulates RNA Polymerase II to transcribe RNA sense strand into RNA antisense strand then back e) Manipulates RNA Polymerase III to transcribe ribosomal RNAs for replicationarrow_forwardWhich of the following cis-elements in a bacterial origin of replication is where the parental DNA strands first separate when the DNA is bent?Question 30 options: A) GATC sequences B) DnaA box C) AT-rich regionarrow_forward
- The following statements are correct EXCEPT: A) Information in the DNA is transcribed int mRNA and translated into proteins B) Information in the DNA is translated int mRNA and transcribed into proteins C) Information in the DNA is copied by DNA polymerase D) The lagging strand during DNA replication is synthesized continuously to form the okazaki fragments E) B and Darrow_forwardA scientist successfully analyzed a new micro-organism. Because this micro-organism contains double-stranded DNA as genetic material, Meselson-Stahl techniques was employed. The following shows the results of the experiment where L – light chain (14N) and H – heavy chain (15N).What is the mechanism of replication in this organism in the picture? Explain how you got the answer. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’. Accidentally, you forget to include dATP in the four reactions that contain a ddNTP. What is the sequence of the daughter strand produced from this sequencing activity? Show the process. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’. Accidentally, you forget to include dATP in the four reactions that contain a ddNTP. How many bands will appear in the lane containing ddATP? Show the process. The following piece of DNA is sequenced using the dideoxy method: 3’-AAGCGGCTAATCC-5’.…arrow_forward2) Replicating structures in DNA can be observed in the electron microscope. Regions being replicated appear as bubbles. a) How many replication forks are present? b) Assuming bidirectional replication, how many origins of replication are active in this DNA molecule? c) Assuming that all replication forks move at the same speed, which origin of replication was activated first (left, middle or right)? Why?arrow_forward
- Suppose that replication is initiated in a medium containing moderately radioactive tritiated thymine. After a few minutes of incubation, the bacteria are transferred to a medium containing highly radioactive tritiated thymidine. Sketch the autoradiographic pattern that would be seen for (a) undirectional replication and (b) bidirectional replication, each from a single origin.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. Arrows start from numbers and end at specific points. Answer the questions relating to the locations specified by the numbers (1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA?arrow_forwardYou decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?arrow_forward
- Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.arrow_forwardYou are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme. A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning. B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.arrow_forwardWhat was the only conclusion that John Cairns could draw from his 1963 paper "The bacterial chromosome and its manner of replication as seen by autoradiography" ? Replication in E. coli is bidirectional Replication in E. coli is discontinuous E. coli has a circular chromosome E. coli has a single origin of replicationarrow_forward
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