Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 23.2, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
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The rate of fixation of neutral mutations does not depend on the
Introduction:
A neutral mutation is a change in the
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In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how would you expect the frequency of an original, non-mutated allele to change in the population over time? Will the population eventually achieve an equilibrium value of the frequency of the non-mutated allele?
1a) In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how would you expect the frequency of an original, non-mutated allele to change in the population over time? Will the population eventually achieve an equilibrium value of the frequency of the non-mutated allele?
b) What if the forward mutation rate is one order of magnitude larger (e. 10X) than the reverse mutation rate? Do you expect the frequency of the original, non-mutated allele to increase, decrease, or stay the same over time?
c) If the population size is considerably smaller, does this change your expectations for changes in the frequency of the original, non-mutated allele over several generations?
Between gene mutation and structural mutations, which of the two types of mutation would likely persist in the population? Explain.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- What is genetic flow? A) Genes changing due to mutation B) Random loss of genes in a small population C) Movement of genes between different populationsarrow_forwardIf the rate of mutation is 10–5 per gene per cell generation, how many new mutations per gene would you expect in a population of 1 million bacteria?arrow_forwardIt has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?arrow_forward
- The genetics research lab has sequenced a genomic region with 1000000 basepair of an unknown species. Consider that there is a difference between each pair of these sequences of about 200 basepairs. There is a mutation rate of 1x10^-6 and the generation time is 10 yrs. What is the effective population size of the species? Find the coalescent time.arrow_forwardWhen an Avidian (with a genome size of 50 sites) reproduces with a 10% per site mutation rate, and if the number of mutations per genome is Poisson distributed, then what is the most likely outcome? Possible answers: 4 per genome is most likely, 5 per genome is most likely, 4 mutations per genome and 5 mutations per genome are equally likely, A number other than 4 and/or 5 mutations per genome is most likelyarrow_forwardDiscuss how the finite size of populations means that new mutations eventually will be either lost or fixed.arrow_forward
- If the rate of mutation is 10–5 per gene, how many new mutations per gene would you expect in a population of 1 million bacteria?arrow_forwardWhat is the expected relationship of Dn and Ds for a gene under selection to maintain its current function? Dn > Ds Dn = Ds Dnarrow_forwardIn order to perform mutation on an organism, we need: 1. A mutation probability - usually a "small" value 2. A crossover point 3. The number of organisms in the population 4. Both a and barrow_forwardA population of 30 individuals has a mutation that generates a new allele “a”. This new allele gives a nearly identical phenotype to the “old” allele “A”. What is the probability of fixation for “a”? What will be the average number of generations until fixation? How would these values change if the population contained 3000 individuals?arrow_forwardYou have already learned that mutation is one source of variation in a population. Based on what you have just seen, what is a second source of variation?arrow_forwardIn class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect? a. Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population. b. Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever. c. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene. d. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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