Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 20TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The field of biology that deals with the study of the composition of genetic material within a population is called population genetics. Certain factors that lead to the process of evolution are natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration; all these lead to changes in the genetic composition. Other selection processes that are involved in adaptive evolution involves the selection of a particular trait that gives rise to adaption according to the environment.
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Is sexual selection or natural selection the driver for the differences between males and females?
a. In the hollyhock weevil (Rhopalapion longirostre) the females a have much longer rostrum. The length of rostrum is correlated with offspring survival but not
mating frequency.
b. In the marine iguana species (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the islands near Ecuador the males often exceed expected size on a given island. Male size is
correlated with survival and number of mating events.
This hypothesis assumes that among male variation in the expression of ornaments reliably signals individual differences in overall quality of the males. It predicts that choosy females will produce offspring with higher survivorship or in better condition than those of less choosy females.
A. Good genes process
B. Bateman's principle
C. Fisher-Zahavi process
D. Fisher's runaway model
The fantastic coloration and behavioral displays in the birds of paradise that we watched in class were examples of differential sexual selection driven by:
a.
Female-female combat
b.
Male competition
c.
Female choice
d.
Intrasexual selection
Chapter 23 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 23 - a. What is a major source of genetic variation for...Ch. 23 - In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous...Ch. 23 - Use the allele frequencies you determined in...Ch. 23 - Practice using the Hardy-Weinberg equation so that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5IQCh. 23 - Why hasnt the highly deleterious sickle-cell...Ch. 23 - a. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? b. Define...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Mice have an estimated 1,000 olfactory receptor...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - If a population has the following genotype...Ch. 23 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - In a random sample of a population of shorthorn...Ch. 23 - Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population...Ch. 23 - Porphyria variegata is a genetic disease...Ch. 23 - Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 21TYK
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- Which of the following is an example of a question about mechanism (not function)? A. What stimuli triggers a mother bird to feed her nestling? B. How does parental care benefit the mother's inclusive fitness? C. Why do some species have parental care but not others? D. Do mother birds get better at caring for their offspring over time?arrow_forwardIn some cases, males or females do care for young of their own species that are not their own, as when certain male fish take over and protect egg masses being brooded by other males or when female ducks acquire ducklings that have just left someone else’s nest. Propose alternative hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. Under what circumstances might adoptions actually raise the caregiver’s reproductive success? Under what other circumstances might adopters help nongenetic offspring as a cost of achieving some other goal? Don't write from any online source..arrow_forwardSome females seem to prefer the green colouration and some females seem to prefer the blue colouration. What type of selection is this an example of? a. stabilizing b. balancing c. directional d. diversifyingarrow_forward
- Fireflies use light signals to locate mates. Individuals with smaller, and thus less visible, lightorgans are less successful at mating. In January of 1985, a highway with bright streetlightswas constructed through a prairie where a firefly population lives. This created a selectionpressure for brighter (larger) light organs in the population. The light organ was, on average,4 mm long in the population prior to the construction of the highway. In 2005, the averagelight organ size in this population (before mating) was 6 mm. This firefly species has1 generation per year, and the narrow sense heritability ( h^2) of the light organ is 0.1.a) What is the strength of selection (S) for the larger light organ.b) What was the mean light organ length of successfully reproducing individuals in 1985(the first year of selection)?arrow_forwardWhat does positive assortive mating mean? a. Individuals that are different for a certain trait are more likely to mate b. Individuals that are alike for a certain trait are less likely to mate c. Individuals that are alike for a certain trait are more likely to mate d. Any individuals may mate randomly Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardBirds are more likely to form pair-bonds than mammals because … Group of answer choices: A. Bird reproductive physiology makes it easier to judge paternity certainty B. Flight makes it easier to find mates C. Bird species are unable to defend critical resources the way mammals can D. Male mammals have higher levels of testosterone making them more likely to fight E. Either bird parent can sit on the nest or feed chicks while the chicks are too young to flyarrow_forward
- Identify whether each of the following scenarios is most likely to result in stabilizing, disruptive, or directional selection a) Beetles that emerge from hibernation too early are more likely to killed by frost, those that emerge too late will miss the chance to mate [Select ] b) Frogs with mating calls that are between 400 and 600 chirps per minute attract more mates than frogs with calls that are lower than 400 chirps per minute or greater than 600 chirps per minute [ Select ] c) Plants with the largest leaves are better able to gather sunlight in the rainforest [ Select ] d) Giraffes with longer necks can reach more leaves, but they have a harder time pumping blood from their heart up to their brain [Select] e) Mice with the lighter fur are better camouflaged from predators than mice with darker fur V [ Select ] stabilizing selection disruptive selection directional selectionarrow_forwardWould you expect sexual selection to increase or decrease adaptation of a population to its environment? A. Consider male-male competition first. B. Then consider the different mechanism for the evolution of female preferences and their implications for adaptation to the environment? Explain your thinking.arrow_forwardIn Biology of Beauty, Cowley found that contemporaryfemales are attracted to males with broad foreheads and strong chins, and that this effect persisted across different cultures. How did Cowley explain this result? A. This is a trick question- this attraction is culturally relative B. Males compete for access to females by developing these features as a form of male-male competition C. There is no evidence that females really are differentially attracted to males with these features D. Attraction to males with these features is adaptive for females because males with these traits are usually sexually mature and have healthy immune systems E. Only some human cultures value these traits as attractive.arrow_forward
- You do not need the text from the image so font size does not matter. Please consider the figure, which contains data that were collected by Rice In the experiments that were performed by Ricei. males competed intensely for females, which resulted in selection for traits like 'high likelihood to remate with the same female' and 'high proportion among fertilised eggs fathered.'ii. only males experienced intense competition; females were obtained from a control population, in which no competition for mates was occurring, effectively fixing female responses.iii. males that were selected for success in mating competition were characterised by greater fitness.iv. when females were prevented from evolving compensatory life history traits, they incurred at least one cost for the benefits gained by males in increased reproductive success: greater female mortality (attributed to toxicity in male seminal fluid).v. once established, enhanced male traits were irreversible. Question 4…arrow_forwardWhy are polyandrous mating systems more rare than polygynous matings? a. Only males are capable of multiple rounds of reproduction within a single breeding season. b. Only females care for the young. c. Females usually experience more intrasexual selection pressure than males. d. Females usually devote more energy to offspring production and development.arrow_forwardWhich of the following changes would cause directional selection? a A habitat made of trees with light-colored bark and newly soot-covered bark results in moths that are either white or black. b An increase in intermediate-colored rocks leads to the decrease in light-colored mice and dark-colored mice. c A shortage of water leads to the death of many aquatic plants. d There is an abundance of large seeds available, leading to an increase in the beak size of birds.arrow_forward
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