Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 14TYK
Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder that occurs in homozygotes for a recessive allele. Although the disease is extremely serious, this recessive allele appears with surprisingly high frequency in Caucasian populations. It has been suggested that siblings of individuals with cystic fibrosis may have some protection from certain bacterial infections of the gut. If this is true, then the recessive allele is maintained at high frequency by
- a. the founder effect.
- b. new mutations.
- c. heterozygote advantage.
- d. frequency-dependent selection.
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Why does sickle cell anemia remain more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa than in the rest of the world?
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c. Infection with malaria provides a selective disadvantage to individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 23 - a. What is a major source of genetic variation for...Ch. 23 - In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous...Ch. 23 - Use the allele frequencies you determined in...Ch. 23 - Practice using the Hardy-Weinberg equation so that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5IQCh. 23 - Why hasnt the highly deleterious sickle-cell...Ch. 23 - a. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? b. Define...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Mice have an estimated 1,000 olfactory receptor...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - If a population has the following genotype...Ch. 23 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - In a random sample of a population of shorthorn...Ch. 23 - Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population...Ch. 23 - Porphyria variegata is a genetic disease...Ch. 23 - Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 21TYK
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- Identify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype, and/or phenotype frequency: A. Approximately 1 in 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis. B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in West Africa is approximately 13%. C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately 5 × 10–5.arrow_forwardSkin pattern in a new frog species is controlled by three alleles of the same gene. Two alleles, Green Spots and White Stripes, are codominant and are both recessive to Black. Which of the choices below includes ALL the phenotypes expected to exist in the frog population in the wild ? A. White Stripes, Green Spots, White Stripes and Green spots B. Green Stripes, White Spots and uniform Black C. Green spots, White Stripes, Green Spots and White Stripes, Uniform black D. Uniform Black, Black spots, White Stripes, Green Stripes and White spots E. White Stripes, Green Spots, Black Stripes, Black Spots, Green spots & white stripesarrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele at a single gene. As we discussed in class, being a homozygote for the sickle cell allele is almost always lethal, but heterozygotes tend to be resistant against malaria although they have a mild form of anemia. Because of this heterozygote advantage, the allele for sickle cell anemia has a frequency of more than 10% in some human populations. How would present allele frequencies of the sickle cell allele change, if there was no heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (that is, that heterozygotes would be identical to ‘normal’ homozygotes – no malaria resistance, no anemia)? How would the change in sickle cell allele frequencies compare to scenario a (extirpation of malaria)arrow_forward
- Among a large population of 2 million gray mosquitoes, one mosquito is heterozygous for a body color gene; this mosquito has one gray allele and one blue allele. There is no selective advantage or disadvantage between gray and blue body color. All of the other mosquitoes carry two copies of the gray allele. A. What is the probability of fixation of the blue allele? B. If fixation happens to occur, how many generations is it likely to take? C. Qualitatively, how would the answers to parts A and B be affected if the blue allele conferred a slight survival advantage?arrow_forwardIn humans, there is a gene that influences the ability to smell the thioesters present in urine after asparagus is eaten. The ability to smell these compounds is an autosomal dominant trait. A is dominant and confers the ability to smell these thioesters a is recessive and does NOT confer the ability to smell these thioesters p = freq (A) = frequency of allele A in the population = number of A alleles/ total number of alleles %3D q = freq (a) = frequency of allele a in the population where p + q = 1 and, therefore, p? + 2pq + q? = 1 and %3D %D p? = freq (AA) = frequency of genotype AA = number of AA individuals/ total number of individuals %3D 2pq = freq (Aa) = frequency of genotype Aa q? = freq (aa) = frequency of genotype aa Phenotype Number of People Able to smell thioesters 378 Unable to smell thioesters 1323 Total 1701 1. Calculate p and q for this population. 2. Calculate p?, 2pq, and q? for this population.arrow_forwardAre the following examples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organismal, or populational level? A. People with cystic fibrosis have lung problems due to a buildup of mucus in their lungs B. The mutant CF gene encodes a chloride transporter that doesn't transport chloride ions very well. C. A defect in the chloride transporter causes a salt imbalance in lung cells.arrow_forward
- If, within specific regional populations over two thousand years ago, sickle-cell anemia killed those individuals born with it before they could reproduce to pass it on to offspring, how did it persist in these populations? Group of answer choices A-Because of late-onset of the disease. B-Because it is cause by a virus and it spreads faster than people died. C-Because of the basic principles of mendelian inheritance that result in some heterozygote "carrier" combinations. D-Because malaria made it possible to survive sickle cell anemia since the parasite would carry oxygen on the blood cells with the mutated hemoglobin. E-It does not persist. Natural selection removes the allele because people die from both malaria and sickle-cell anemia.arrow_forwardConsider the case of a hypothetical genetic disease called WhySciEleven (WSE), an inherited disease that results to the inability to complete production of an amino acid “moduleactivity” that results in brain damage if untreated. WSE is due to a recessive allele. Given one WSE occurrence per 10,000 births. 1. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? 2. What is the frequency of the recessive allele for WSE in population? 3. What is the frequency of the heterozygous people?arrow_forwardIn parts of equatorial Africa, where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the ß-hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. The sickle cell trait provides an advantage against malaria compared to people with normal hemoglobin. In the United States, the parasite that causes malaria is not present, but African Americans whose ancestors were from equatorial Africa have the sickle-cell B- hemoglobin allele. These differences in traits illustrate O inclusive fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to adapt to environmental stimuli O inclusive fitness because ß-hemoglobin increases the proliferation of beneficial traits in the population O relative fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to an environmental pathogen O relative fitness because the molecular differences in ß-hemoglobin are passed to the next generationarrow_forward
- You are investigating a newly emerging bacteriophage infecting your bacteria. There is a population of bacteria that are resistant to the disease. The allele frequency of the resistant allele is q=0.43. The mutation rate (Aàa) of the locus is 3.2 x 10-2. Assuming no back mutations, how do you expect the allele frequency of the recessive allele to change in the next generation? a. It will decrease a little b. It will not change c. It will decrease a lot d. It will increase a little e. It will increase a lotarrow_forwardIdentify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype,and/or phenotype frequency:A. Approximately 1 in 2500 individuals of Northern Europeandescent is born with cystic fibrosis.B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in WestAfrica is approximately 13%.C. The number of new mutations per generation resultingin achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately5 × 10−5.arrow_forwardA mutation in an of the recessive hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 causes sickle-cell disease, but also confers malaria resistance. The allele frequency in African Americans is 14%. 1. What percent of the population have two copies of the gene and are therefore immune to malaria? 2. What percent of the population are less susceptible to malaria but do not have sickle-cell anemia since they are heterozygous?arrow_forward
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