CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 23, Problem 17TYK
Physiologists speculate about cardiovascular adaptations in dinosaurs—some of which had necks almost 10 m (33 feet) long. Such animals would have required a systolic pressure of nearly 760 mm Hg to pump blood to the brain when the head was fully raised. Some analyses suggest that dinosaurs’ hearts were not powerful enough to generate such pressures, leading to the speculation that long-necked dinosaurs fed close to the ground rather than raising their heads to feed on high foliage. Scientists also debate whether dinosaurs had a “reptile-like” or “bird-like” heart. Most modern reptiles have a three-chambered heart with just one ventricle. Birds, which evolved from a lineage of dinosaurs, have a four-chambered heart. Some scientists believe that the circulatory needs of these long-necked dinosaurs provide evidence that dinosaurs must have had a four-chambered heart. Why might they conclude this?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements about vertebrate circulatory systems is not true?
A.
In mammals, the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery.
B.
In fishes, oxygenated blood from the gills returns directly to the heart through the left atrium.
C.
In birds, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery.
D.
In reptiles, the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta.
E.
In amphibians, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium.
Which of the following is true of the circulatory system of a grasshopper?
A. One or more muscular chamber hearts drive blood through the closed circulatory system of the
grasshopper.
B. The grasshopper has an open circulatory system with a heart that is a peristaltic vessel.
C. Because the grasshopper has an open circulatory system, the maximum hemolymph pressures
that can be achieved are relatively low, which limits the maximum metabolic rate that can be
achieved.
D. The grasshopper does not have a specialized circulatory system - instead, its circulatory system
consists of the fluid in the body cavity which is circulated by means of the body movements of
the animal.
E. Both B and C are true of the circulatory system of the grasshopper.
Describe two mechanisms by which the cardiac output of an animal’s heart can be adjusted and indicate which is more important for increasing cardiac output in mammals and which is more important in fish.
Chapter 23 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 23 - Connecting the Concepts 1. Use the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 23 - When the doctor listened to Janets heart, he heard...Ch. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - Blood flows more slowly in the arterioles than in...Ch. 23 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 23 - Trace the path of blood starting in a pulmonary...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYK
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- Construct a model for the relationship between the heart rate of mammals and theirweight. Also give all assumptions you make.You may assume the following:arrow_forwardTrace the flow of blood through a mammalian heart, naming the four chambers and their valves, and explaining where the blood entering each atrium comes from and where blood leaving each ventricle goes. When the ventricles contract, what prevents blood from reen-tering the atria? What factors cause blood to move forward at high pressure in the aorta?arrow_forwardDescribe the similarities and differences in the structure of the hearts of teleosrt fish, frogs, birds and rats.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in mammals? 1 2 3 4 pulmonary artery ⠀⠀ right atrium vena cava right ventriclearrow_forwardDiscuss the adaptive advantage of cardiac hypertrophy in ahuman and in a python.arrow_forwardCompare the structure of reptilian and mammalian hearts, tracing the flow of blood through the double circulatory system.arrow_forward
- Hearts of mammals are described to have double pump structure. Which choice explains the functional and structural basis for the said description? A. Blood enters the atrium and pumped into ventricle. B. Blood pressure alternates between systolic and diastolic at all times. C. Atrium provide 1 pump, ventricle provides 2nd pump. D. Heart pumps blood simultaneously in systemic and pulmonary circuit.arrow_forwardList at least one reason why arteriole vasoconstriction helps mammals function and survive:arrow_forwardBirds and mammals are both endothermic, and both have four chambered hearts. Most reptiles are ectothermic and have three-chambered hearts. b) Why do most biologists now consider birds to be reptiles?arrow_forward
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