Chapter 24, Problem 1CC

Complete this concept map to summarize the key concepts concerning the body’s defenses.

Summary Introduction

To complete: The given concept map and to summarize the key concepts concerning body’s defense.

Introduction:

The immune system of the human body is divided into two main branches, namely the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate or the body’s first defense mechanism is present since birth and this defense mechanism are non-specific, which means it acts as a barrier in for every foreign body irrespective of its structure. Adaptive immunity of the body comes in later stages, when the body is introduced to pathogens. It is a specific type of defense mechanism.

Answer to Problem 1CC

Fig. 1 shows completed concept map of body’s defenses.

Pictorial representation: A concept map explaining immune defense mechanisms of body is presented in Fig.1.

Fig. 1: Map depicting the concept of body’s defenses

Explanation of Solution

a)

Correct answer: Innate immunity.

Explanation:

Innate immunity is the immunity present in the body since birththat helps in protecting the body from infection. Hence the correct answer is innate immunity.

(b)

Correct answer: Adaptive immunity.

Explanation:

Adaptive immunity is the immunity that is acquired by the body when the body comes in contact with the foreign agent. Hence the correct answer is adaptive immunity.

(c)

Correct answer: B-cells.

Explanation:

B-cells are the immune cells that help in the protecting the body from infection and is a part of the humoral immunity. Hence the correct answer is B-cells.

(d)

Correct answer: Helper T-cells.

Explanation:

Helper T-cells helps in the recognizing the foreign antigen and instigate the release of antibodies. Hence the correct answer is helper T-cells

(e)

Correct answer: Cytotoxic T cells.

Explanation:

Cytotoxic T-cells help in neutralizing the antigen carrying cell by attaching to it and releasing degenerative enzymes. Hence the correct answer is cytotoxic T cells.

(f)

Correct answer: Antibodies.

Explanation:

Antibodies are protein molecules that help in the recognizing foreign antigen and eliciting an immune response. Hence the correct answer is antibodies.

(g)

Correct answer: Infected body cells.

Explanation:

Infected body cells are the host’s cells that are penetrated by the infectious agent. Hence the correct answer is infected body cells.