Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 3PDQ
Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2358–2362) conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-
(a) Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms) cause amino acid changes?
(b) What is meant by horizontal transfer?
(c) On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?
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Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2358–2362) conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five point mutations—two missense and three synonyms—among different isolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979 revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotide changes among ten victims. The authors concluded that these data indicate little or no horizontal transfer between different B. anthracis strains. (a) Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms) cause amino acid changes? (b) What is meant by horizontal transfer? (c) On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains.
Question: On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence ofhorizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains.
Question: What is meant by ”horizontal transfer”?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |Anunexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY|An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 22 - Review the Chapter Concepts on page 441. All these...Ch. 22 -
3. Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181:...Ch. 22 -
4. The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 22 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 22 - Calculate the frequencies of the AA, Aa, and aa...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 22 -
8. What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 22 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 22 -
10. If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 22 -
11. Consider a population in which the frequency...Ch. 22 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 22 -
13. Under what circumstances might a lethal...Ch. 22 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 22 -
15. One of the first Mendelian traits identified...Ch. 22 -
16. Describe how populations with substantial...Ch. 22 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 22 -
18. A recent study examining the mutation rates...Ch. 22 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld...Ch. 22 -
20. List the barriers that prevent interbreeding...Ch. 22 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 22 -
23. In a recent study of cichlid fish inhabiting...Ch. 22 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 22 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 22 - Comparisons of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA with...
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- Robert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14) that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase, an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugar arabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From the araB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations that caused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of these revertants showed that they possessed two different suppressor mutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the original mutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. By itself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but the enzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as the enzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressor mutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunction with the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but SuB by itself was not able…arrow_forwardRobert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14) that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase, an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugar arabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From the araB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations that caused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of these revertants showed that they possessed two different suppressor mutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the original mutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. By itself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but the enzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as the enzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressor mutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunction with the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but SuB by itself was not able…arrow_forwardWe have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forward
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