Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 12PDQ
If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 and allele a is a lethal recessive, what will be the frequencies after 1, 5, 10, 25, 100, and 1000 generations?
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In a population of 200 people, an allele F has a frequency of 84%. What is the frequency of allele f? Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, estimate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes. (Remember that the formula is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele.) *Be sure to account for all 200 people in the population.
If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 and allele a is a lethal recessive, what will be the frequencies after one generation?
You are studying a population of penguins in Antarctica. Your DNA analysis of this population reveals that for the feather color pattern gene, 35 individuals are homozygous dominant, 35 individuals are heterozygous, and 30 individuals are homozygous recessive. After observing this population for several years, you repeat your DNA study and find that the current generation of penguins has 15 individuals that are homozygous dominant, 10 individuals that are heterozygous, and 75 individuals that are homozygous recessive. Which of the following hypotheses for this data would be supported by this data based on your understanding of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
This population of penguins is maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to its large population size.
The penguins are randomly choosing mates, which has led to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The penguins are very isolated, which is preventing gene flow from affecting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The recessive phenotype in…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |Anunexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY|An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 22 - Review the Chapter Concepts on page 441. All these...Ch. 22 -
3. Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181:...Ch. 22 -
4. The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 22 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 22 - Calculate the frequencies of the AA, Aa, and aa...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 22 -
8. What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 22 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 22 -
10. If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 22 -
11. Consider a population in which the frequency...Ch. 22 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 22 -
13. Under what circumstances might a lethal...Ch. 22 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 22 -
15. One of the first Mendelian traits identified...Ch. 22 -
16. Describe how populations with substantial...Ch. 22 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 22 -
18. A recent study examining the mutation rates...Ch. 22 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld...Ch. 22 -
20. List the barriers that prevent interbreeding...Ch. 22 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 22 -
23. In a recent study of cichlid fish inhabiting...Ch. 22 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 22 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 22 - Comparisons of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA with...
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- If the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.85, What is 2pq?arrow_forwardIf 120 of 200 alleles are dominant alleles, then what percentage of the alleles are dominant alleles? A-12% B-40% C-60% D-120% What percentage of the alleles are recessive alleles? E-8% F-40% G-60% H-80% Which of the terms of the Hardy-Weinberg equations represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool? A-p^2 B-p C-2pq D-q^2arrow_forwardIn a population that meets the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumptions, 81% of the individuals are homozygous for a recessive allele. What percentage of the individuals would be expected to be heterozygous for this locus in the next generation?arrow_forward
- In domestic cats, the allele for short hair (L) is dominant and the allele for long hair (I) is recessive. You are studying a population of cats found on Iwato Island and have determined that the frequency of the recessive long hair allele is q = 0.3. A) What is the frequency of the dominant allele for short hair? p = B) What is the predicted percentage of cats who have heterozygous genotypes? • C) What predicted percentage of cats on this island will have long hair phenotypes? • D) Describe one condition that could change the allele frequencies (the values of p and q) in a population.arrow_forwardIn a population of orchids, flower color is controlled by one gene. The dominant H allele codes for red flowers and the recessive h allele codes for yellow flowers. Your study population has genotypic frequencies of HH= 0.6900, Hh= 0.2885, and hh= 0.0215. Part A: What color are heterozygous plants? Part B: Is the gene for flower color in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? You must show your work for credit!arrow_forwardIf the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers. What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation? Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele. How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?arrow_forward
- In the genetics unit you learned that sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive condition. In 2016, assume in the City of Markham there are 1000 people out of 300000 people who have sickle cell anemia. Assume global warming continues for the next 50 years and in the year 2066 there are 20000 people out of 500000 in Markham who have sickle cell anemia. a)What are the allele frequencies in 2016? What are the allele frequencies in 2066? Is microevolution evident? b)Due to global warming, assume the numbers of malaria carrying mosquitoes in Markham dramatically increased between 2016 and 2066. What do you believe is the main cause of the microevolution in Markham? (Hint- refer to the 5 factors affecting microevolution and refer back…arrow_forwardA mountain region has a population of 5,000 mountain goats. You score these animals for the R locus and find that this locus has two alleles, R (dominant) and r (recessive). 3200 individuals are homozygous dominant, 1,600 are heterozygous, and 200 are homozygous recessive. a) Calculate the allele frequencies for this population. Show your work. b) Calculate the observed genotypic frequencies for this population. Show your work. c) Calculate the expected genotype frequencies if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Show your work. d) Does this population appear to be at H-W equilibrium? Why or why not? (You do not need to analyze this statistically).arrow_forwardNieman-Pick Syndrome involves a defective enzyme, sphyngomylinase. It is usually fatal before the age of 3. The defective allele frequency is 0.01 in Ashkenazi populations. Let’s call the healthy allele A, and the lethal allele a. a) What is the frequency of allele A? Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000? b) AA:_______ c) Aa:________ d) aa:_________arrow_forward
- Your parents are studying the evolution of the pumpkin size to make the best patch in your city. After doing some crosses and genotyping some individuals, you determined that the number of individuals homozygous dominant for the largest pumpkin allele is 98, 80 are heterozygous for medium size, and 20 are homozygous recessive for small size. What is the allele frequency for the homozygous dominant allele? Please round up and your final answer should have four decimal points.arrow_forwardIf the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by only one known mutation is 1/18900 in a given population, what is the frequency of the wild type allele?arrow_forwardIn a human population at equilibrium, three genotypes are present in the following proportions: A/A = 0.81, A/a = 0.18, a/a = 0.01. Answer the following questions: What are the frequencies of gene A and gene a? What will their frequencies be in the next generation? What proportion of all marriages in this population is between heterozygotic parents?arrow_forward
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