Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 5PDQ
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The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure genetic variabilityis complicated by the fact that the genes of many eukaryotesare complex in organization and contain 5' and 3' flankingregions as well as introns. Researchers have compared thenucleotide sequence of two cloned alleles of the y-globin gene from asingle individual and found a variation of 1 percent. Those differencesinclude 13 substitutions of one nucleotide for anotherand three short DNA segments that have been inserted in oneallele or deleted in the other. None of the changes takes placein the gene’s exons (coding regions). Why do you think this isso, and should it change our concept of genetic variation?
The period gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes for a stretch of Thr-Gly repeated in tandem. In natural populations, the three most common alleles encode for 17, 20 and 23 Thr-Gly repeats. The amplification by PCR of the allele encoding for 20 Thr-Gly repeats produces a fragment of 320 bp. Using the same set of primers, what is the size expected when amplifying the 17 Thr-Gly allele?
317
303
314
302
In a certain species of plant loci A, B and C have an additive effect on the colour of the flower. Alleles A, B, and C are dominant and alleles a, b and c are recessive. Knowing that a plant with genotype AAbbCc has a pink flower, which genotype, among the ones listed below, will produce the same phenotype?
Aabbcc.
aabbcc.
AaBbCc.
AABBCc.
In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). In a cross of true-breeding tall yellow peas x dwarf green…
The wildtype sequence of a gene is the following:
wt: 3' TAC AAA TCT AGC CCG 5'
and the following 3 mutations were found:, indicate what type of mutation this is
1: 3' TAC AAA TCA AGC CCG 5' ;
2. 3' TAC AAA TCT ATC CCG 5'. ;
3. 3' TAC AAA AGC CCG 5'. ;
Chapter 22 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY |Anunexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - CASE STUDY|An unexpected outcome A newborn...Ch. 22 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 22 - Review the Chapter Concepts on page 441. All these...Ch. 22 -
3. Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181:...Ch. 22 -
4. The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 22 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 22 - Calculate the frequencies of the AA, Aa, and aa...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 22 -
8. What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 22 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 22 -
10. If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 22 -
11. Consider a population in which the frequency...Ch. 22 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 22 -
13. Under what circumstances might a lethal...Ch. 22 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 22 -
15. One of the first Mendelian traits identified...Ch. 22 -
16. Describe how populations with substantial...Ch. 22 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 22 -
18. A recent study examining the mutation rates...Ch. 22 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld...Ch. 22 -
20. List the barriers that prevent interbreeding...Ch. 22 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 22 -
23. In a recent study of cichlid fish inhabiting...Ch. 22 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 22 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 22 - Comparisons of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA with...
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- The figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained from both adult female and male fruit flies. The blue lines indicate the tra gene structure, with thicker lines indicating exons, and thin lines introns. The 5' end of the gene is on the left, and the 3' end of the gene is on the right. Based on these data, the most likely conclusion is: Males and females express identical isoforms of tra Males express more tra RNA than females The female isoform has fewer amino acids The female isoform has more amino acids The male and female isoforms have different 3'UTRsarrow_forwardResearchers in search of loci in the human genome that arelikely to contribute to the constellation of factors leading tohypertension have compared candidate loci in humans and rats[Stoll, M., et al. (2000). New Target Regions for Human Hypertensionvia Comparative Genomics. Genome Res. 10:473–482].Through this research, they identified 26 chromosomal regionsthat they consider likely to contain hypertension genes. Howcan comparative genomics aid in the identification of genesresponsible for such a complex human disease? The researchersstate that comparisons of rat and human candidate loci tothose in the mouse may help validate their studies. Why mightthis be so?arrow_forwardA pair of paralogous repeats, A and B, have 96% sequence similarity and therefore can promote non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). They exist in four possible arrangements in a genome, illustrated below as arrangements 1 – 4. What is the result of NAHR between repeats A and B in arrangement 1? A.Translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2 resulting in monocentric chromosomes B.Deletion or duplication of the region between A and B C.Translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2 resulting in acentric and dicentric chromosomes D.Inversion of the region between A and Barrow_forward
- You're studying two species of closely related mice. One has a lifespan of 32 weeks, on average; the other can live for up to 3 years (~150 weeks). You generate F1 hybrids and then an F2 mapping population for a QTL mapping study. Most of the difference in lifespan maps to a single genomic region. Which of the following is the most likely to be a good candidate region in this QTL region? 1.) Histone methyltransferase 2.) DNA ligase 3.)Primase 4.) Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase 5.) Telomerasearrow_forwardThe HbβS(sickle-cell) allele of the human β-globingene changes the sixth amino acid in the β-globinchain from glutamic acid to valine. In HbβC, the sixthamino acid in β-globin is changed from glutamic acidto lysine. What would be the order of these two mutations within the map of the β-globin gene?arrow_forwarddescribe two blotting methods (i.e., Northern blottingand Western blotting) used to detect gene products. Northern blotting detects RNA and Western blotting detects proteins. Supposethat a female fruit fly is heterozygous for a maternal effect gene,which we will call gene B. The female is Bb. The normal allele, B,encodes a functional mRNA that is 550 nucleotides long. A recessive allele, b, encodes a shorter mRNA that is 375 nucleotideslong. (Allele b is due to a deletion within this gene.) How couldyou use one or more of these techniques to show that nurse cellstransfer gene products from gene B to developing oocytes? Youmay assume that you can dissect the ovaries of fruit flies and isolate oocytes separately from nurse cells. In your answer, describeyour expected results.arrow_forward
- . Use the following sequence data to assign haplotypes and build a haplotype network for a 200 bp variable region that is sequenced from eight individuals. Polymorphic nucleotide positions are shown. Δ is a 1 bp deletion. Explain the logic supporting the network. If there are different nucleotide changes at one position, indicate the different changes on your network. Individual 24 56 92 119 146 172 haplotype 1 A C A T G G A 2 T C Δ C G G 3 A G A T A T 4 A G A T G T 5 A C Δ C G G 6 A G A T G G 7 A G A T A T 8 C C Δ C G Garrow_forwardThe genome of Drosophila has been studied extensively using the technique of gene mapping. In Drosophila, pink eyes (P), curled wings (C), hairy body (H), and ebony body (E) are determined by alleles of genes located on the same chromosome. Gene Combination E/H C/H E/P H/P Frequency of Recombination 44% 23% 23% 21% Draw a gene map showing the correct order these genes appear on the chromosome. How frequently are the genes for pink eyes and curled wings expected to separate during crossing over?arrow_forwardDNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with the genotype trp+ tyr+ was used to transform a recipient strain with the genotype trp− tyr−. The following numbers of transformed cells were recovered: Genotype Number of transformed cells trp+ tyr− 154 trp− tyr+ 312 trp+ tyr+ 354 What do these results suggest about the linkage of the trp and tyr genes?arrow_forward
- Deletions in bacterial chromosomes give the following data: Region of deletion Al Gene A activity +++ A2 АЗ A4 AS +++ (i) Where is the gene located? Explain your answer. Name the scientific term that describes the appearance of a recessive phenotype due to deletion of dominant gene. (ii) (iii) The phenotypic consequences of deletion depend on two factors. What are they? Give one example of human genetic disorder caused by chromosomal deletion by indicating the region of deletion in chromosome. (iv)arrow_forwardIn a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. What characteristics of the pedigree rule out inheritance of a trait encoded by a gene in the mtDNA as the cause of this disorder?arrow_forwardIn a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. Explain how a mutation in a nuclear gene might lead to deletions in mtDNA.arrow_forward
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