General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 108IAE
Chemists have successfully synthesized the ionic compound
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The carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]
Sulfur tetrafluoride reacts slowly with oxygen gas to form sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
In the sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide molecule the O atom and the four F atoms are bonded to a central S atom. Write a Lewis structure for this molecule in which the formal charges of all atoms is zero.
Use bond energies to estimate the enthalpy of the above reaction. (S-F bond energy = 327 kJ/mole). Is it endothermic or exothermic?
Determine the electron geometry of the molecule and predict two possible molecular geometries.
Which of the two molecular geometries in part d is more likely to be observed? Explain.
Cyanogen (CN)2 is known as pseodohalogen because it has some properties like halogens. It is composed of two CN’s joined together.(i) Draw the Lewis structure for all the possible combination for (CN)2.(ii) Calculate the formal charge and determine which one of the structures that you have drawn is most stable.(iii) For the stable structure, determine the geometry around the two central atoms.(iv) For the stable structure, draw the dipole arrows for the bonds.(v) Base on the stable structure, determine the polarity of molecule and state your reason.
Chapter 22 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Give the formula of the stable fluride by Li, Be,...Ch. 22 - Fluorine is able to stabilize element’s in very...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3ECh. 22 - Prob. 4ECh. 22 - Prob. 5ECh. 22 - Prob. 6ECh. 22 - Prob. 7ECh. 22 - Use VSEPR theory to predict the probable geometric...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9ECh. 22 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11ECh. 22 - Prob. 12ECh. 22 - Prob. 13ECh. 22 - Prob. 14ECh. 22 - Make a general prediction about which of the...Ch. 22 - The following properties of astatine have been...Ch. 22 - Prob. 17ECh. 22 - Prob. 18ECh. 22 - Prob. 19ECh. 22 - Prob. 20ECh. 22 - Prob. 21ECh. 22 - Prob. 22ECh. 22 - Prob. 23ECh. 22 - Prob. 24ECh. 22 - Each of the following compounds decomposes to...Ch. 22 - Ozone is a power oxidizing agent. Using ozone as...Ch. 22 - Prob. 27ECh. 22 - Prob. 28ECh. 22 - Prob. 29ECh. 22 - Prob. 30ECh. 22 - Prob. 31ECh. 22 - Prob. 32ECh. 22 - Prob. 33ECh. 22 - In water, O2(aq) is a strong base. If 100.0 mg of...Ch. 22 - The conversion of O2(g) to O2(g) can be...Ch. 22 - Prob. 36ECh. 22 - Prob. 37ECh. 22 - Prob. 38ECh. 22 - Prob. 39ECh. 22 - Prob. 40ECh. 22 - Prob. 41ECh. 22 - Joseph Priestley, e British chemist, was credited...Ch. 22 - Give an appropriate name to each of theb following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44ECh. 22 - Give a specific example of a chemical equation...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46ECh. 22 - Prob. 47ECh. 22 - Prob. 48ECh. 22 - Prob. 49ECh. 22 - Prob. 50ECh. 22 - Prob. 51ECh. 22 - Prob. 52ECh. 22 - Prob. 53ECh. 22 - Prob. 54ECh. 22 - Prob. 55ECh. 22 - Prob. 56ECh. 22 - Prob. 57ECh. 22 - Prob. 58ECh. 22 - Prob. 59ECh. 22 - One reaction that competes with reaction (22.41),...Ch. 22 - Prob. 61ECh. 22 - Prob. 62ECh. 22 - Draw plausible Lewis structures for a....Ch. 22 - Both nitramide and hyponitrous acid have the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 65ECh. 22 - Prob. 66ECh. 22 - Prob. 67ECh. 22 - Prob. 68ECh. 22 - Prob. 69ECh. 22 - Prob. 70ECh. 22 - Use data from Table 7.2 (page 273) to calculate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 72ECh. 22 - Prob. 73ECh. 22 - Prob. 74ECh. 22 - Prob. 75ECh. 22 - What volume of H2(g) at 25C and 752 mmHg is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 77ECh. 22 - How many grams of CaH2(s) are required to generate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 79ECh. 22 - On the basis of molecular orbital theory, would...Ch. 22 - Prob. 81IAECh. 22 - Prob. 82IAECh. 22 - Prob. 83IAECh. 22 - The photograph was taken after a few drops of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 85IAECh. 22 - Prob. 86IAECh. 22 - Prob. 87IAECh. 22 - Despite the fact that it has the higher molecular...Ch. 22 - The text mentions that ammonium perchlorate is an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 90IAECh. 22 - Prob. 91IAECh. 22 - Prob. 92IAECh. 22 - Refer to Figure 11-25 to arrange the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 94IAECh. 22 - Prob. 95IAECh. 22 - Estimate the percent dissociation of CI2(g) into...Ch. 22 - Prob. 97IAECh. 22 - The structure of N(SiH2)2 involves a planar...Ch. 22 - Prob. 99IAECh. 22 - Refer to the Integrative Example on page 1082....Ch. 22 - The bond energies of CIz and 159kJmol1 are 243 and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 102IAECh. 22 - Prob. 103IAECh. 22 - Prob. 104IAECh. 22 - Prob. 105IAECh. 22 - The heavier halogens (CI, Br, and I) form...Ch. 22 - Prob. 107IAECh. 22 - Chemists have successfully synthesized the ionic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 109IAECh. 22 - Various thermochemical cycles are being explored...Ch. 22 - The decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide is...Ch. 22 - Both in this chapter and in Chapter 19, we have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 113FPCh. 22 - The so-called pyroanions, X2O7n+ , form a series...Ch. 22 - A description of bonding in XeF2 based on the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 116FPCh. 22 - Prob. 117SAECh. 22 - Prob. 118SAECh. 22 - Prob. 119SAECh. 22 - Which of the following can oxidize Br to Br2 in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 121SAECh. 22 - Prob. 122SAECh. 22 - Prob. 123SAECh. 22 - Prob. 124SAECh. 22 - Prob. 125SAECh. 22 - Prob. 126SAECh. 22 - Prob. 127SAECh. 22 - Give a practical laboratory method that you might...Ch. 22 - Prob. 129SAECh. 22 - Prob. 130SAECh. 22 - Prob. 131SAECh. 22 - Prob. 132SAECh. 22 - Prob. 133SAECh. 22 - Prob. 134SAECh. 22 - Prob. 135SAE
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- Write all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardDefine the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?arrow_forward
- Nitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.arrow_forwardConsider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no sulfur–sulfur nor oxygen–oxygen bonds. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the pyrosulfate ion using only single bonds. (b) What is the formal charge on the sulfur atoms for the Lewis structure you drew in part (a)? (c) Write another Lewis structure using six bonds and two O—S bonds. (d) What is the formal charge on each atom for the structure you drew in part (c)?arrow_forwardA new element, Bw, has been identified to be part of Period 10 Group VIIA. Draw the proper structure of the polyatomic ion, BwCl2S3 ^ - . According to VSEPR theory, this ion has a molecular shape of [1]. (Type the shape exactly as written on the table provided to you on the exam data sheet) The formal charge of the Bw atom must be [2]. (Type in the charge including a sign and numberi.e. +1, -1, -2, +2, 0, etc.)arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure for the N H 4 + ion.arrow_forwardHydrazine, N2H4, burns in oxygen as follows: N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O [The bond energies in kJ/mol are: N-H = 388; N-N 163; N≡N 944; O-H 463; O=O 496] Draw the chemical structures of the reactants and products and give the formula to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction, ΔH.arrow_forwardHelp me write the Lewis symbol for ( Sn ) pleasearrow_forward
- What possible error(s) exist in the Lewis structure (assume we are trying to represent the best possible Lewis structure for the NO₂S ion knowing N is the central atom in this polyatomic ion)? [:ö==S: N= CO :O: The best structure would have double bond and two lone pairs on each oxygen atom and a single bond with three lone pairs on the sulfur. There are no errors. This is the best possible structure. The Lewis structure above does not minimize formal charges, thus is the not the best possible structure. The nitrogen atom has an expanded octet, and this structure is impossible. The Lewis structure contains the wrong number of electrons, thus this structure is impossible.arrow_forwardBased on the bond energies for the reaction below, what is the enthalpy of the reaction? HC≡CH (g) + 5/2 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + H₂O (g)arrow_forwardTwo substances with empirical formula HNO are hyponi-trous acid ( μ=62.04 g /mol) and nitroxyl (μ=31.02 g/mol).(a) What is the molecular formula of each species?(b) For each species, draw the Lewis structure having the lowestformal charges. (Hint:Hyponitrous acid has an N=N bond.)(c) Predict the shape around the N atoms of each species.(d) When hyponitrous acid loses two protons, it forms the hy-ponitrite ion. Draw cisand transforms of this ion.arrow_forward
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