General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 64E
Both nitramide and hyponitrous acid have the formula
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Testosterone is an anabolic steroid. The structure of testosterone is shown below.
What is the idealised bond angle at the indicated atom (ii) ?
Hint: atom (iv) has been completed for you as an example.
(iv) bond angle: 109.5°, geometry of the electron pairs: tetrahedral, shape of the
bonds: tetrahedral
·····|||I
H
····||||I
ii
iv
Acid Structure and Relative Acidity
The strength of an acid, HA, is often determined by the strength and polarity of the H-A
bond. In general, a weaker and more polar bond leads to a stronger acid.
For binary acids of elements in the same group of the periodic table, the H-A bond
strength decreases down the group, so acidity increases.
For binary acids of elements in the same row of the periodic table, the polarity of the H-A
bond increases from left to right (as the electronegativity of A increases), so acid strength
increases.
For oxoacids, acid strength increases with the oxidation number of the central atom. If the
oxidation number is the same, acid strength increases with the electronegativity of the
central atom.
Part A
Rank the following compounds in order decreasing acid strength using periodic trends.
Rank the acid strength from strongest to weakest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
▸ View Available Hint(s)
BH₁ HBr HCI H₂S
Greatest acid strength
The correct ranking…
Write an equation to show that hypochlorous acid , HClO , behaves as an acid in water.
+
H2O
=
+
Chapter 22 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Give the formula of the stable fluride by Li, Be,...Ch. 22 - Fluorine is able to stabilize element’s in very...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3ECh. 22 - Prob. 4ECh. 22 - Prob. 5ECh. 22 - Prob. 6ECh. 22 - Prob. 7ECh. 22 - Use VSEPR theory to predict the probable geometric...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9ECh. 22 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11ECh. 22 - Prob. 12ECh. 22 - Prob. 13ECh. 22 - Prob. 14ECh. 22 - Make a general prediction about which of the...Ch. 22 - The following properties of astatine have been...Ch. 22 - Prob. 17ECh. 22 - Prob. 18ECh. 22 - Prob. 19ECh. 22 - Prob. 20ECh. 22 - Prob. 21ECh. 22 - Prob. 22ECh. 22 - Prob. 23ECh. 22 - Prob. 24ECh. 22 - Each of the following compounds decomposes to...Ch. 22 - Ozone is a power oxidizing agent. Using ozone as...Ch. 22 - Prob. 27ECh. 22 - Prob. 28ECh. 22 - Prob. 29ECh. 22 - Prob. 30ECh. 22 - Prob. 31ECh. 22 - Prob. 32ECh. 22 - Prob. 33ECh. 22 - In water, O2(aq) is a strong base. If 100.0 mg of...Ch. 22 - The conversion of O2(g) to O2(g) can be...Ch. 22 - Prob. 36ECh. 22 - Prob. 37ECh. 22 - Prob. 38ECh. 22 - Prob. 39ECh. 22 - Prob. 40ECh. 22 - Prob. 41ECh. 22 - Joseph Priestley, e British chemist, was credited...Ch. 22 - Give an appropriate name to each of theb following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44ECh. 22 - Give a specific example of a chemical equation...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46ECh. 22 - Prob. 47ECh. 22 - Prob. 48ECh. 22 - Prob. 49ECh. 22 - Prob. 50ECh. 22 - Prob. 51ECh. 22 - Prob. 52ECh. 22 - Prob. 53ECh. 22 - Prob. 54ECh. 22 - Prob. 55ECh. 22 - Prob. 56ECh. 22 - Prob. 57ECh. 22 - Prob. 58ECh. 22 - Prob. 59ECh. 22 - One reaction that competes with reaction (22.41),...Ch. 22 - Prob. 61ECh. 22 - Prob. 62ECh. 22 - Draw plausible Lewis structures for a....Ch. 22 - Both nitramide and hyponitrous acid have the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 65ECh. 22 - Prob. 66ECh. 22 - Prob. 67ECh. 22 - Prob. 68ECh. 22 - Prob. 69ECh. 22 - Prob. 70ECh. 22 - Use data from Table 7.2 (page 273) to calculate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 72ECh. 22 - Prob. 73ECh. 22 - Prob. 74ECh. 22 - Prob. 75ECh. 22 - What volume of H2(g) at 25C and 752 mmHg is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 77ECh. 22 - How many grams of CaH2(s) are required to generate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 79ECh. 22 - On the basis of molecular orbital theory, would...Ch. 22 - Prob. 81IAECh. 22 - Prob. 82IAECh. 22 - Prob. 83IAECh. 22 - The photograph was taken after a few drops of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 85IAECh. 22 - Prob. 86IAECh. 22 - Prob. 87IAECh. 22 - Despite the fact that it has the higher molecular...Ch. 22 - The text mentions that ammonium perchlorate is an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 90IAECh. 22 - Prob. 91IAECh. 22 - Prob. 92IAECh. 22 - Refer to Figure 11-25 to arrange the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 94IAECh. 22 - Prob. 95IAECh. 22 - Estimate the percent dissociation of CI2(g) into...Ch. 22 - Prob. 97IAECh. 22 - The structure of N(SiH2)2 involves a planar...Ch. 22 - Prob. 99IAECh. 22 - Refer to the Integrative Example on page 1082....Ch. 22 - The bond energies of CIz and 159kJmol1 are 243 and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 102IAECh. 22 - Prob. 103IAECh. 22 - Prob. 104IAECh. 22 - Prob. 105IAECh. 22 - The heavier halogens (CI, Br, and I) form...Ch. 22 - Prob. 107IAECh. 22 - Chemists have successfully synthesized the ionic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 109IAECh. 22 - Various thermochemical cycles are being explored...Ch. 22 - The decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide is...Ch. 22 - Both in this chapter and in Chapter 19, we have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 113FPCh. 22 - The so-called pyroanions, X2O7n+ , form a series...Ch. 22 - A description of bonding in XeF2 based on the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 116FPCh. 22 - Prob. 117SAECh. 22 - Prob. 118SAECh. 22 - Prob. 119SAECh. 22 - Which of the following can oxidize Br to Br2 in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 121SAECh. 22 - Prob. 122SAECh. 22 - Prob. 123SAECh. 22 - Prob. 124SAECh. 22 - Prob. 125SAECh. 22 - Prob. 126SAECh. 22 - Prob. 127SAECh. 22 - Give a practical laboratory method that you might...Ch. 22 - Prob. 129SAECh. 22 - Prob. 130SAECh. 22 - Prob. 131SAECh. 22 - Prob. 132SAECh. 22 - Prob. 133SAECh. 22 - Prob. 134SAECh. 22 - Prob. 135SAE
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Complete and balance the following equations. If no reaction takes place, indicate by writing N.R. 1. NaOH + heat → 2. Ag + H2SO4 → 3. K2SO4 + heat → if no reaction please explain to me when we will say that there is no reaction badly need itarrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of the following molecules: Sulfuric acid Sulfur trioxide Sulfurous acid Sulfur dioxide Nitric acid Nitrate Nitrite Nitrogen trioxide Nitrous acid Nitrogen dioxide nitrous oxidearrow_forwardGalium (Ga) is an element in group III with atomic number 31. By referring to the Periodic Table, answer the following questions. Explain how the atomic radius of gallium differs from aluminium. Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from aluminium. Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from germanium. Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from germanium. Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from indium.arrow_forward
- arrange the following oxoacids in order of decreasing acid strength: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, and HBrOarrow_forwardWhich of the following is chloric acid? HClO3 HClO HClO4 HClO2arrow_forwardTwo substances with empirical formula HNO are hyponi-trous acid ( μ=62.04 g /mol) and nitroxyl (μ=31.02 g/mol).(a) What is the molecular formula of each species?(b) For each species, draw the Lewis structure having the lowestformal charges. (Hint:Hyponitrous acid has an N=N bond.)(c) Predict the shape around the N atoms of each species.(d) When hyponitrous acid loses two protons, it forms the hy-ponitrite ion. Draw cisand transforms of this ion.arrow_forward
- Fluorine lies between oxygen and neon in Period 2. Whereas atomic sizes and ionization energies of these three elements change smoothly, their electronegativities display a dramatic change. What is this change, and how do their electron configurations explain it?arrow_forwardAssuming that the effect of bond energy is more important than the effect of electronegativity, the substance HI is expected to be a stronger acid than the substance HCl.arrow_forwardThe first three ionization energies of an element X are 900, 1745, and 14912 kJ·mol–1. What is the most likely formula for the stable ion of X?arrow_forward
- b) Diagram 9 shows the elements from a Period found in the periodic table 23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9 Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Diagram 9 Based on the diagram above, (i) Suggest one metal that forms basic oxide and one metal that form amphoteric oxide when reacts with oxygen. (ii) Explain the trend of electronegativity across the periodarrow_forwardThe elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period. (a) Which has the greatest electronegativity? (b) Which of the atoms is smallest? (c) Which is the largest possible oxidation state for each of these elements? (d) Will the oxide of each element in the highest oxidation state (write its formula) be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forwardThe following Lewis diagram represents the valence electron configuration of a main-group element. This element is in group [VIIA(17) According to the octet rule, this element would be expected to form an ion with a charge of 1- If X is in period 4, the ion formed has the same electron configuration as the noble gas The symbol for the ion isarrow_forward
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