Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21.2, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The two traits which have evolved along the same branch of the reconstructed phylogeny.
Given:
The matrix which is given shows the traits of seven land plants and an aquatic plant which is the out of the group of land plants. The traits are given in the form of + or –, which is given when the traits are present or are absent, respectively.
Introduction:
Phylogenic reconstruction is a method to reverse the model of evolution. It describes the relationship between the evolutions of the relative of common ancestors. So, the scientists use the phylogenic reconstruction to know the common traits which are present in the taxa given.
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Create a phylogenic tree and cladogram for the following table of plants and their chracteristics:
Characteristics
Green algae
Moss
Club moss
Ferns
Pine
Narra
Oogamy
1
1
1
1
1
1
Vascular tissue
0
0
1
1
1
1
Multi-branched networks of veins in the leaves
0
0
0
1
1
1
Pollen grains
0
0
0
0
1
1
Ovule
0
0
0
0
1
1
Pistil
0
0
0
0
0
1
Draw a tree depicting our current understanding of land plant phylogeny. Include the four major groups of land plants at the tips of your tree, label the common ancestor of land plants, and mark where each of the critical innovations arose: embryo, sporopollenin, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers.
Match the following taxa and descriptions to their corresponding and appropriate group or classification.
Match each item to a choice:
Also known as the Maidenhair Tree Family
The leaves are palm-like, however, they are not
related with the True Palms
The Araucaria Family
The pollen cones would bear leaf-life
structures called microsporophylls while the
seed cones would bear megasporophylls.
The Yew Family
The Cypress Family
One of the most ancient plants that served as
food for non-flying dinosaurs.
The Pine Family
This gymnosperm is a dioecious plant with
fan-shaped leaves
The Podocarp Family
Choices:
: Ginkgoaceae
Сусadaceae
: Ginkgoaceae
Сусadaceae
: Cycadaceae
:: Тахасеае
: Cupressaceae
::
:::
Chapter 21 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- FILL UP THE TABLE WITH 1=PRESENT AND 0=ABSENT Xylem Wood and Phloem Seeds Chloroplast Cuticle and Flower Chlamydomonas Marchantia Psilotum Gingko |xora Construct a phylogenetic tree for the following OTU and use bars to denote their apomorphiesarrow_forwardMatch the following taxa and descriptions to their corresponding and appropriate group or classification. Match each item to a choice: The Yew Family The pollen cones would bear leaf-life structures called microsporophylls while the seed cones would bear megasporophylls. The leaves are palm-like, however, they are not related with the True Palms One of the most ancient plants that served as food for non-flying dinosaurs. The Araucaria Family The Cypress Family The Pine Family The Podocarp Family Also known as the Maidenhair Tree Family This gymnosperm is a dioecious plant with fan-shaped leaves Choices: : Cupressaceae : Cycadaceae : Ginkgoaceae Тахасеае : Сусadaceae Сусadaceaе : Ginkgoaceae ::: :::arrow_forwardDraw a phylogeny of the following groups of the Archiplastida: red algae, charophytes, mosses, lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms. Mark on the phylogeny at least six evolutionary transitions in life cycle. Can you please draw on a sheet of paperarrow_forward
- Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardCreate a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below. Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium. Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardMake a schematic diagram summarizing the methodology of "Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnospersm and origin of Gnetales from conifers" by Shu-Miaw Chaw, Christopher L. Parkinson, Yuchang Cheng, Thomas M. Vincent, and Jeffrey D. Palmer.arrow_forward
- the charophytes are at the base of the phylogenetic line of land plants. True or Falsearrow_forwardRecent DNA evidence suggests to some plant taxonomists that the traditional way of classifying flowering plants is not correct, and that flowering plants need to be completely reclassified. Other botanists disagree, saying it would be chaotic and unwise to disregard the historical classification groups. Argue for an against keeping traditional classification schemes.arrow_forwardCertain eudicot clades contain plants with many relictual features. Name and describe several.arrow_forward
- Construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascularplants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowersarrow_forwardIn regards to flowering plants which of the following would be the best example of a symplesiomorphy and a synapomorphy respectively? Seeds enclosed in an ovary wall, rhizoids Alternation of generation, reproducing via flowers and fruits Archegonia produced in megastrobilli, Chlorophyll a and b Sporophyte dominance, reproduction via sporesarrow_forwardHow does the cladogram relate to many botanists referring to land plants asembryophytes?arrow_forward
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