Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The taxa that are closely related.
Given:
Table 1 shows data matrix in order to reconstruct the phylogeny of the plants present on the land:
Table 1: Data matrix for reconstructing the phylogeny.
Introduction:
A phylogenetic tree is used to show the history of the evolution of species, genes, and populations. These trees are based on the biochemical attributes, physical structures, and behavior of the genes. To construct such tree, the group of some animals and birds are taken into consideration. It is considered that the traits which arise once or which are lost from the group. For simplicity, we select traits which are present (+) or absent (−).
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardBIOMES & ADAPTIVE RADIATION Adaptive Radiation ven the type of biome these succulent plants are found in, identify 3 important stressors present in their environments. Now, describe how these pressures likely influenced the diversification of these plant lineages. Use one of the plant families listed above (and your representative species) to discuss as an example. (A well-developed paragraph is expected.)arrow_forwardThe kingdom Plantae constitutes large and varied groups of organisms. There are more than 300,000 species of identified and cataloged plants. Using the geologic record, discuss and explain when and how plants colonized the land. Include the adaptations that enabled them to survive on land amid the harsh environmental conditions.arrow_forward
- Draw a phylogeny of the following groups of the Archiplastida: red algae, charophytes, mosses, lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms. Mark on the phylogeny at least six evolutionary transitions in life cycle. Can you please draw on a sheet of paperarrow_forwardComplete the table with the structure descriptions, function, or adaptive significance, and which among the plant groups possess the structure. An example has been provided to you in row 2. Table 1. Characterizing Plant Structures Structure Description (Describe the structure) Indicate whether the structure is a part of the Gametophyte or Sporophyte Generation What is its Function/Adaptive Significance for the Plant Where can it be found? CHOICES: MOSS: mosses and other bryophytes; FERN: fern and other seedless vascular plants; PINE: pine and other gymnosperms; ANGIOSPERM: all angiosperms Example: cuticle Waxy waterproof covering found in the surface of the aerial parts of the plant. Both in gametophyte and sporophyte Protects the plant epidermis from excessive water loss, mechanical damage, and other environmental stresses. ALL 1. sorus 2. sporophyll 3. xylem tissue 4. antheridium…arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the three bryophyte groups in terms of distinguishing morphoanatomical features, reproduction, diversity and habitat. Bryophyte Group Criteria Hornworts Liverworts Mosses Gametophyte Morphology Dioicous/Monoicous* Asexual Reproduction Presence of conducting cells Photosynthetic Parts Presence of Stomata Presence of Cuticle Sporophyte Morphology/Appearance Other Distinct Features/Structures Habitat/Distribution No. of Species Worldwide Summary of Key Similarities Summary of Key Differencesarrow_forward
- Draw a phylogenetic tree illustrating our current understanding ofplant phylogeny; label the common ancestor of plants and the originsof multicellular gametangia, vascular tissue, and seeds.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic classification is based on _______. overall similarities habit of plants common evolutionary descendants all of thesearrow_forwardCreate a phylogenic tree and cladogram for the following table of plants and their chracteristics: Characteristics Green algae Moss Club moss Ferns Pine Narra Oogamy 1 1 1 1 1 1 Vascular tissue 0 0 1 1 1 1 Multi-branched networks of veins in the leaves 0 0 0 1 1 1 Pollen grains 0 0 0 0 1 1 Ovule 0 0 0 0 1 1 Pistil 0 0 0 0 0 1arrow_forward
- Construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascularplants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowersarrow_forwardCertain eudicot clades contain plants with many relictual features. Name and describe several.arrow_forwardSeeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land. These adaptations relate to reproductive success and survival advantages. The following questions require you to explain some of these adaptations. A. Contrast sperm delivery in seedless plants with sperm delivery in seed plants. (5-6 sentence) B. Discuss at least one feature of seed plants that contributed to their success on land in contrast with seedless plants. (2-3 sentences) C. Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) are the most successful of all plant groups in terms of their species diversity and ubiquity across habitat types. Climate warming is causing shifts in the timing of life history events for many species. Discuss how climate warming may influence reproductive strategies employed by flowering plants. (2-3 sentence)arrow_forward
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