Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that why the formula
Concept introduction: The main group elements form chemical compounds in which the central atom has highest oxidation number. The highest oxidation number is always equal to the group number that the element has in the periodic table. Thus, the oxidation number is determined by the position of the element in the periodic table.
These elements also form compounds in the other lower oxidation numbers apart from the highest oxidation number. These other oxidation numbers are as per the electronic configuration of the element and is determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of each element.
The correct formula has the valid oxidation number of the central element and the formula which do not satisfy this criteria is incorrect
(b)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that why the formula
Concept introduction: The main group elements form chemical compounds in which the central atom has highest oxidation number. The highest oxidation number is always equal to the group number that the element has in the periodic table. Thus, the oxidation number is determined by the position of the element in the periodic table.
These elements also form compounds in the other lower oxidation numbers apart from the highest oxidation number. These other oxidation numbers are as per the electronic configuration of the element and are determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of each element.
The correct formula has the valid oxidation number of the central element and the formula which do not satisfy this criteria is incorrect
(c)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that why the formula
Concept introduction: The main group elements form chemical compounds in which the central atom has highest oxidation number. The highest oxidation number is always equal to the group number that the element has in the periodic table. Thus, the oxidation number is determined by the position of the element in the periodic table.
These elements also form compounds in the other lower oxidation numbers apart from the highest oxidation number. These other oxidation numbers are as per the electronic configuration of the element and are determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of each element.
The correct formula has the valid oxidation number of the central element and the formula which do not satisfy this criteria is incorrect
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Use the following set of assumptions to estimate the CN bond length in fulminic acid: 1) only the two best structures contribute to the true structure 2) the best structure contributes 75%, 3) the CN single bond is 1.47 pm, the double is 1.32 pm and the triple is L.16 pm. Enter your answer with 2 significant figures as a number with no units. Structure I Structure II Structure III H-C=N=0 H-C=N-0 ŌI H-C-N=01 VFullsc 10:41 PMarrow_forwardName compound. I2O5arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, clearly indicating all non-bonding pairs of electrons. Even though nitrogen and phosphorus have the same number of valence electrons, nitrogen can only bond to chlorine four times forming NCl4+ but phosphorus can bond with chlorine five times forming PCl5. Explain. Draw all the isomers of C4H9Br, using bond-line formulas. Draw the Lewis structure of the nitrite ion, NO2–, clearly indicating resonance contributors as well as non-bonding pairs of electrons and formal charges, as relevant. Nitromethane is a polar molecule but contains 2 equal polar covalent bonds. Briefly explain why and draw a relevant 3-dimensional structure to show the overall dipole moment of the molecule. Draw all isomers of C6H12O that are aldehydes.arrow_forward
- Calculate the Enthalpy Change (ΔH) from average bond energies, which have been listed below in KJ/mol, for the following reaction and identify the nature of the reaction: CH3COOH + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + H2O [C‒H: 413; C‒C: 347; C=O: 745; C=C: 614; Cl‒Cl: 239, C‒O: 358; O‒H: 467]arrow_forwardExplain how many chain isomers are possible for C4H10. Define their structure.arrow_forwarddraw the structurearrow_forward
- At the end of 2009, global population was about 6.8 billion people. What mass of glucose (C6H12O6) in kg would be needed to provide 1500 Cal/person/day of nourishment to the global population for one year? Assume that glucose is metabolized entirely to CO2 and H2O(l).arrow_forward1) Et2O 2) H₂O MgBrarrow_forwardChlorocyclopentadiene does not ionize easily in solution. It will ionize only when treated with a very strong Lewis acid such as antimony pentafluoride (SBF3). The product was found by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) studies to have two unpaired electrons. Draw the structure formed when this molecule ionizes. Include all lone pairs in your structure. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H20, SbFsarrow_forward
- 6. Which of the following structure(s) is/are chiral? Br Br Br 1 Br 2 Br Br 3 Br Br 4arrow_forwardEmpirical formulas for: C2H6 N2O4 C4H6O2 NH3arrow_forwardA particular allotrope of nitrogen, N4, was first detected in 2002. (Allotrope just means a chemical form in which an element can exist. Oxygen, for example, has two allotropes on earth: O2 and O3.) The all-nitrogen compound only lasts a short while before breaking down to N2. The compound cannot be isolated, so its structure is not yet confirmed experimentally; we can only hypothesize what its bonding and shape are. This allotrope is generally believed to be either a single ring of four nitrogens or a single chain of four nitrogens. 1. Draw the Lewis structure for both the linear form and the single ring form.arrow_forward
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