Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 21, Problem 126SCQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To predict why the NO bonds are shorter than the NOH bonds in nitric acid.

Concept introduction:

The formula for nitric acid is HNO3. It is present in the aqueous form. It is a very strong acid and on decomposition produces nitrogen and oxygen gas. The central element in the molecule is nitrogen. Nitrogen belongs to group 3A of the periodic table. The molecule is planar in shape.

Bond length is the distance between the nuclei in a bond and it is related to the sum of the covalent radii at the bonded atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To rationilize the bond angles in HNO3.

Concept introduction:

The formula for nitric acid is HNO3. It is present in the aqueous form. It is a very strong acid and on decomposition produces nitrogen and oxygen gas. The central element in the molecule is nitrogen. Nitrogen belongs to group 3A of the periodic table. The molecule is planar in shape.

Bond angle is the angle defined by lines joining the centres of two atoms to a third atom to which they are covalently bonded.

TypeofmoleculeHybridaizationGeometryBondangleAX2spLinear180°AX3,AX2Bsp2Trigonalplanar120°AX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp3Tetrahedral109.5°AX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3dTrigonalbipyramidal120°,90°AX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d2Octahedral90°ACentralatomXAtomsbondedtoABNonbondingelectronpairsonA

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization in the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid and the orbitals overlap to form NO π bond  should be determined

Concept introduction:

The formula for nitric acid is HNO3. It is present in the aqueous form. It is a very strong acid and on decomposition produces nitrogen and oxygen gas. The central element in the molecule is nitrogen. Nitrogen belongs to group 3A of the periodic table. The molecule is planar in shape.

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

TypeofmoleculeHybridaizationAtomicorbitalsusedforhybridaizationGeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonalplanarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonalbipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralACentralatomXAtomsbondedtoABNonbondingelectronpairsonA

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Chapter 21 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 21.11 - The best catalysts used to accelerate the...Ch. 21.11 - Prob. 2.5ACPCh. 21 - Which of the following formulas is incorrect? (a)...Ch. 21 - The reaction of elemental phosphorus and excess...Ch. 21 - Like sulfur, selenium forms compounds in several...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4PSCh. 21 - Give examples of two basic oxides. Write equations...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6PSCh. 21 - Prob. 7PSCh. 21 - Prob. 8PSCh. 21 - Prob. 9PSCh. 21 - Prob. 10PSCh. 21 - For the product of the reaction you selected in...Ch. 21 - For the product of the reaction you selected in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13PSCh. 21 - Prob. 14PSCh. 21 - Place the following oxides in order of increasing...Ch. 21 - Place the following oxides in order of increasing...Ch. 21 - Prob. 17PSCh. 21 - Prob. 18PSCh. 21 - Prob. 19PSCh. 21 - Prob. 20PSCh. 21 - Prob. 21PSCh. 21 - Prob. 22PSCh. 21 - Prob. 23PSCh. 21 - Prob. 24PSCh. 21 - Prob. 25PSCh. 21 - Prob. 26PSCh. 21 - Prob. 27PSCh. 21 - The compound Na2O2 consists of (a) two Na+ ions...Ch. 21 - Prob. 29PSCh. 21 - Write balanced equations for the reaction of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 31PSCh. 21 - (a) Write equations for the half-reactions that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 33PSCh. 21 - Prob. 34PSCh. 21 - When magnesium bums in air, it forms both an oxide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 36PSCh. 21 - Prob. 37PSCh. 21 - Prob. 38PSCh. 21 - Calcium oxide, CaO, is used to remove SO2 from...Ch. 21 - Prob. 40PSCh. 21 - Prob. 41PSCh. 21 - The element below aluminum in Group 3A is gallium,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 43PSCh. 21 - The boron trihalides (except BF3) hydrolyze...Ch. 21 - When boron hydrides burn in air, the reactions are...Ch. 21 - Prob. 46PSCh. 21 - Write balanced equations for the reactions of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 48PSCh. 21 - Prob. 49PSCh. 21 - Alumina, Al2O3, is amphoteric. Among examples of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 51PSCh. 21 - Prob. 52PSCh. 21 - Prob. 53PSCh. 21 - Silicon and oxygen form a six-membered ring in the...Ch. 21 - Describe the structure of pyroxenes (see page...Ch. 21 - Describe how ultrapure silicon can be produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57PSCh. 21 - Prob. 58PSCh. 21 - Prob. 59PSCh. 21 - Prob. 60PSCh. 21 - Prob. 61PSCh. 21 - Prob. 62PSCh. 21 - Prob. 63PSCh. 21 - The overall reaction involved in the industrial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 65PSCh. 21 - Prob. 66PSCh. 21 - Prob. 67PSCh. 21 - Prob. 68PSCh. 21 - Prob. 69PSCh. 21 - Which statement about oxygen is not true? (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 71PSCh. 21 - Prob. 72PSCh. 21 - Prob. 73PSCh. 21 - Sulfur forms a range of compounds with fluorine....Ch. 21 - Prob. 75PSCh. 21 - Which of the following statements is not correct?...Ch. 21 - The halogen oxides and oxoanions are good...Ch. 21 - Prob. 78PSCh. 21 - Bromine is obtained from brine wells. The process...Ch. 21 - Prob. 80PSCh. 21 - Prob. 81PSCh. 21 - Halogens combine with one another to produce...Ch. 21 - Prob. 83PSCh. 21 - Prob. 84PSCh. 21 - The standard enthalpy of formation of XeF4 is 218...Ch. 21 - Draw the Lewis electron dot structure for XeO3F2....Ch. 21 - Prob. 87PSCh. 21 - Prob. 88PSCh. 21 - Prob. 89GQCh. 21 - Prob. 90GQCh. 21 - Consider the chemistries of the elements...Ch. 21 - When BCl3 gas is passed through an electric...Ch. 21 - Prob. 93GQCh. 21 - Prob. 94GQCh. 21 - Prob. 95GQCh. 21 - Prob. 96GQCh. 21 - Prob. 97GQCh. 21 - Prob. 98GQCh. 21 - Prob. 99GQCh. 21 - Prob. 100GQCh. 21 - Prob. 101GQCh. 21 - Prob. 102GQCh. 21 - Prob. 103GQCh. 21 - Prob. 105GQCh. 21 - Prob. 106GQCh. 21 - A Boron and hydrogen form an extensive family of...Ch. 21 - In 1774, C. Scheele obtained a gas by reacting...Ch. 21 - The chemistry of gallium: (a) Gallium hydroxide,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 111GQCh. 21 - Prob. 112GQCh. 21 - Prob. 113GQCh. 21 - Prob. 114GQCh. 21 - Prob. 115ILCh. 21 - Prob. 116ILCh. 21 - Prob. 117ILCh. 21 - Prob. 118ILCh. 21 - Prob. 119ILCh. 21 - Prob. 120ILCh. 21 - Prob. 121SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 122SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 123SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 124SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 125SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 126SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 127SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 128SCQCh. 21 - Comparing the chemistry of carbon and silicon. (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 130SCQCh. 21 - Xenon trioxide, XeO3, reacts with aqueous base to...
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