(a)
Interpretation:
To predict why the
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond length is the distance between the nuclei in a bond and it is related to the sum of the covalent radii at the bonded atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
To rationilize the bond angles in
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond angle is the angle defined by lines joining the centres of two atoms to a third atom to which they are covalently bonded.
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybridization in the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid and the orbitals overlap to form
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Write two balanced chemical equations in which sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses. (a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds. (b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forwardBorane (BH3) is unstable under normal conditions, but it has been detected at lowpressure.(a) Draw the Lewis structure for borane.(b) Draw a diagram of the bonding in BH3, and label the hybridization of each orbital.(c) Predict the H¬B¬H bond anglearrow_forward
- Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleachingagent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In thecourse of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a)What is the Lewis structure for ClO2? (b) Why do you thinkthat ClO2 is reduced so readily? (c) When a ClO2 moleculegains an electron, the chlorite ion, ClO2-, forms. Draw theLewis structure for ClO2-. (d) Predict the O—Cl—O bondangle in the ClO2- ion. (e) One method of preparing ClO2is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:Cl2(g) + 2 NaClO2(s)------>2 ClO2(g) + 2 NaCl(s)If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorinegas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21 °C, how many gramsof ClO2 can be prepared?arrow_forward4. (a) Draw the shape of the atomic valence orbitals formed by the overlaping of two fluoride 2p atomic orbitals. (b) Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for F2 and F2*. Identify their bond order and magnetic properties. (c) An unstable nucleus exhibit radioactivity. (i) Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode decay. (ii) Illustrate your answer in (i) with a schematic graph.arrow_forwardA molecular property of the Group 6A(16) hydrides changes abruptly down the group. This change has been ex-plained in terms of a change in orbital hybridization.(a) Between what periods does the change occur?(b) What is the change in the molecular property?(c) What is the change in hybridization?(d) What other group displays a similar change?arrow_forward
- For each of the following, draw the Lewis structure, predict the ONO bond angle, and give the hybridization of the nitrogen. (a) NO2(b) NO2−(c) NO2+arrow_forward(a) What are trihalomethanes (THMs)? (b) Draw the Lewisstructures of two example THMs.arrow_forwardTake about 5 ml of dil. HCl in a test tube and add a few pieces of fine granules to it.Which gas is evolved?(a) Chlorine(b) Hydrogen(c) HCl(d) Nitrogenarrow_forward
- Answer the questions in the table below about the shape of the borane (BH3) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central boron atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central boron atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one) X G <arrow_forwardExplain why the bond between B and Cl in the molecule BCl3 is shorter than would be expected for a single B—Cl bond.arrow_forwardWhich of the hydrogen halides is the most polar?(a) HF(b) HCl(c) HBr(d) Hlarrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax