(a)
Interpretation:
To predict why the
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond length is the distance between the nuclei in a bond and it is related to the sum of the covalent radii at the bonded atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
To rationilize the bond angles in
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond angle is the angle defined by lines joining the centres of two atoms to a third atom to which they are covalently bonded.
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybridization in the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid and the orbitals overlap to form
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Write two balanced chemical equations in which sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.arrow_forwardChlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleachingagent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In thecourse of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a)What is the Lewis structure for ClO2? (b) Why do you thinkthat ClO2 is reduced so readily? (c) When a ClO2 moleculegains an electron, the chlorite ion, ClO2-, forms. Draw theLewis structure for ClO2-. (d) Predict the O—Cl—O bondangle in the ClO2- ion. (e) One method of preparing ClO2is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:Cl2(g) + 2 NaClO2(s)------>2 ClO2(g) + 2 NaCl(s)If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorinegas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21 °C, how many gramsof ClO2 can be prepared?arrow_forward4. (a) Draw the shape of the atomic valence orbitals formed by the overlaping of two fluoride 2p atomic orbitals. (b) Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for F2 and F2*. Identify their bond order and magnetic properties. (c) An unstable nucleus exhibit radioactivity. (i) Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode decay. (ii) Illustrate your answer in (i) with a schematic graph.arrow_forward
- For each of the following, draw the Lewis structure, predict the ONO bond angle, and give the hybridization of the nitrogen. (a) NO2(b) NO2−(c) NO2+arrow_forward(a) What are trihalomethanes (THMs)? (b) Draw the Lewisstructures of two example THMs.arrow_forwardAmmonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a very soluble salt in water.(a) Draw the Lewis structures of the ammonium and chlorideions. (b) Is there an N—Cl bond in solid ammonium chloride?(c) If you dissolve 14 g of ammonium chloride in 500.0 mLof water, what is the molar concentration of the solution?(d) How many grams of silver nitrate do you need to add tothe solution in part (c) to precipitate all of the chloride as silverchloride?arrow_forward
- Answer the questions in the table below about the shape of the borane (BH3) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central boron atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central boron atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one) X G <arrow_forwardExplain why the bond between B and Cl in the molecule BCl3 is shorter than would be expected for a single B—Cl bond.arrow_forwardWhich of the hydrogen halides is the most polar?(a) HF(b) HCl(c) HBr(d) Hlarrow_forward
- Each of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms stable compounds in which it has bonds to fluorine. (a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds? (b) Does ∆EN increase or decrease left to right across the period? (c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right? (d) Draw Lewis structures for these compoundsarrow_forwardThe Lewis structure of H2CS (a) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (b) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom? (c) What is the geometric shape of the molecule?arrow_forwardTestosterone is an anabolic steroid. The structure of testosterone is shown below. What is the idealised bond angle at the indicated atom (ii) ? Hint: atom (iv) has been completed for you as an example. (iv) bond angle: 109.5°, geometry of the electron pairs: tetrahedral, shape of the bonds: tetrahedral ·····|||I H ····||||I ii ivarrow_forward
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