Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 2CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The formation of heteroduplex in sister chromatid exchange during the occurrence of branch migration. The occurrence of gene conversion during an exchange of sister chromatid.
Introduction:
Homologous recombination is a process of exchange of
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The molecular mechanism of SCE is similar to homologousrecombination between homologs except that the two segmentsof DNA are sister chromatids instead of homologous chromatids.If branch migration occurs during SCE, will a heteroduplex beformed? Explain why or why not. Can gene conversion occurduring sister chromatid exchange?
What is a sister chromatid? Are sister chromatids genetically similar or identical? Explain
Describe the similarities and differences between homologousrecombination involving sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and thatinvolving homologs. Would you expect the same types of proteinsto be involved in both processes? Explain.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 20.1 - 1. Homologous recombination refers to the exchange...Ch. 20.1 - During the molecular process of homologous...Ch. 20.1 - 3. A key difference between the original Holliday...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the following mechanisms can cause gene...Ch. 20.2 - 1. During site-specific recombination that occurs...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 20.3 - Which of the following types of transposable...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 20 - 1. Describe the similarities and differences...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 20 - 3. Which steps in the double-strand break model...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 20 - 8. What is gene conversion?
Ch. 20 - Make a list of the differences between the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 20 - 12. According to the double-strand break model,...Ch. 20 - What type of DNA structure is recognized by RecG...Ch. 20 - Briefly describe three ways that antibody...Ch. 20 - 15. Describe the functions of the RAG1 and RAG2...Ch. 20 - According to the scenario shown in Figure 20.7,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 20 - 19. Why does transposition always produce direct...Ch. 20 - 20. Which types of TEs have the greatest potential...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 20 - 22. Let’s suppose that a species of mosquito has...Ch. 20 - This chapter describes different types of TEs,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 20 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 20 - 26. What is the difference between an autonomous...Ch. 20 - 1. Briefly explain how McClintock determined that...Ch. 20 - The work of McClintock showed that the presence of...Ch. 20 - 3. In your own words, explain the term transposon...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4EQCh. 20 - 5. Gerald Rubin and Allan Spradling devised a...Ch. 20 - Make a list of the similarities and differences...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 20 - Prob. 3QSDC
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- What are sister chromatids? What is the process that forms two sister chromatids from a single chromosome? Explain how this process works.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between the metaphase chromosome and telophase chromosome? Metaphase chromosomes exist as single chromatids; meanwhile, telophase chromosomes appear as sister chromatids Metaphase chromosomes materialize as homologous chromosome; on one hand, telophase chromosomes are structurally bonded with its homologue. Metaphase chromosomes exist as sister chromatids; meanwhile, telophase chromosomes appear as single chromatids Metaphase chromosomes are structurally bonded with its homologue; on the other hand, telophase chromosomes do not materialize homologous chromosomes.arrow_forwardin a diploid species, one somatic cell has8 chromatids before S phase. In this species, 2n=2? 2n=4? 2n=16? 2n=8? Which one? Please explain it, thank youarrow_forward
- When chromatids are separated during anaphase, how do we know that the microtubules that they are connected to are not actually shortening to "pull" the chromatids apart?arrow_forwardWhat is a structure in the centromere region of each chromatid that is specialized for conveyance?arrow_forwardIf you expose a culture of human cells (for example,HeLa cells) to 3H-thymidine during S phase, howwould the radioactivity be distributed over a pair ofhomologous chromosomes at metaphase? Would theradioactivity be in (a) one chromatid of one homolog,(b) both chromatids of one homolog, (c) one chromatid each of both homologs, (d) both chromatids ofboth homologs, or (e) some other pattern? Choose thecorrect answer and explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at anaphase I? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at telophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many centromeres after prophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in after anaphase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in at metaphase I? PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM THEY ARE ALL CONNECTED, THANK YOU!arrow_forwardThe figure below shows a centrosome with microtubules attached to the kinetochore. Which of the following BEST describes the figure? O The figure shows an impossible arrangement due to microtubule dynamic instability. O The figure shows a temporary arrangement; soon after this, the microtubules will separate the sister chromatids. O The figure shows an impossible arrangement due to centrosome positioning. O The figure shows a temporary arrangement; soon after this, microtubule shortening will occur.arrow_forwardDuring meiotic prophase in a eukaryotic cell, Spo11 initiates recombination by causing a double-strand break in DNA between Gene A and Gene B on one sister chromatid. Which of these events will occur prior to formation of a Holliday junction? A) A heteroduplex forms due to pairing of Gene A and Gene B. B) Resolvase cuts all four chromatids. C) Spo11 causes a double-strand break in a nonsister chromatid. D) Strand invasion causes one strand of the uncut chromatid to form a D loop. E) Branch migration lengthens the heteroduplex region to include Gene A and Genearrow_forward
- why The chromatids formed byrecombination within the inversion loop of a pericentric inversionheterozygote are genetically unbalanced?arrow_forwardMap distances were determined for four differentgenes (MAT, HIS4, THR4, and LEU2) on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:HIS4 ↔ MAT 37 cMTHR4 ↔ LEU2 35 cMLEU2 ↔ HIS4 23 cMMAT ↔ LEU2 16 cMMAT ↔ THR4 20 cMWhat is the order of genes on the chromosome?arrow_forwardTo identify genes controlling the cell cycle in budding yeast, a genetic screen was carried out. In this screen, haploid yeast cells were exposed to a DNA damaging agent to introduce random mutations in the genome. By culturing cells at an elevated temperature (e.g. 37 degrees), where many mutated genes lose their function, scientists identified yeast mutants that showed growth defects and arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle (e.g. in mitosis with large buds). In this screen, mutants of the cyclin-dependent kinase were identified, but not mutants of cyclins. Explain the reason for this outcome.arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license