Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2PDQ
Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 12. All of these pertain to conceptual issues involving mitosis or meiosis. Based on these concepts, write a short essay that contrasts mitosis and meiosis, including their respective roles in organisms, the mechanisms by which they achieve their respective outcomes, and the consequences should either process fail to be executed with absolute fidelity. ■
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For each of the following statements, determine if the process described happens during mitosis,
meiosis, or both.
Begins with a diploid cell.
Non-disjunction can result
in an abnormal
chromosome number.
1. Both
Crossing over occurs.
2. Meiosis
Produces somatic cells.
3. Mitosis
Homologous chromosomes
separate.
Synthesis phase (DNA
replication) occurs once.
>
Which of the following statements about mitosis and meisois are TRUE? (check all that apply)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis produces genetically variable (different) cells.
Mitosis consists of a single nuclear division, whereas meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions.
DNA replication occurs prior to mitosis and meiosis I.
Crossing over occurs in both meiosis I and meiosis II.
The number of chromsoomes in newly formed cells is the same as the mother cell in both mitosis and meiosis.
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Directions:
Complete the illustrations that show the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Consider the two-winged fly species Cricotopus sylvestris with chromosome number 2n = 4.
Draw the stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase with cytokinesis) of the two cell divisions in the corresponding boxes of Table 1. No need to include prometaphase. One box is to one stage.
For each stage, draw clearly the appearance and configuration of the cell(s) and the chromosomes. Inspect and refer to slides 10 to 11 of the Cell Division PPT for mitosis and slides 14 and 17 for meiosis. Make sure that when the pictures are zoomed in, they will still be clear.
For better illustration, draw the chromosomes with different sizes (inspect and refer to slides 10 to 11 of the Cell Division PPT for mitosis and slides 14 and 17 for meiosis). Use one color for the chromosomes in mitosis and two colors for the chromosomes in meiosis (see slides 10 to 11 of the Cell Division PPT for mitosis and…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused...Ch. 2 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 12....Ch. 2 - What role do the following cellular components...Ch. 2 -
4. Discuss the concepts of homologous...Ch. 2 - If two chromosomes of a species are the same...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that characterize each stage...Ch. 2 - How are chromosomes named on the basis of their...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 2 -
9. Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the...Ch. 2 - Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 2 - Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is...Ch. 2 -
14. Explain why meiosis leads to significant...Ch. 2 -
15. A diploid cell contains three pairs of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 2 -
17. During oogenesis in an animal species with a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 2 -
19. During the first meiotic prophase, (a) when...Ch. 2 -
20. Describe the role of meiosis in the life...Ch. 2 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 2 -
24. If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an...Ch. 2 -
25. The nuclear DNA content of a single sperm...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 -
For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...
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- Directions: Complete the illustrations that show the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Consider the two-winged fly species Cricotopus sylvestris with chromosome number 2n = 4. Draw the stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase with cytokinesis) of the two cell divisions in the corresponding boxes of Table 1. No need to include prometaphase. One box is to one stage. For each stage, draw clearly the appearance and configuration of the cell(s) and the chromosomes. For better illustration, draw the chromosomes with different sizes Use one color for the chromosomes in mitosis and two colors for the chromosomes in meiosis For the description of each stage, include the following: complete name of the stage (include correct number for those that need to have one) unique and important events undergone by the cell(s) and chromosomes appearance and configuration of the chromosomes (thinness or thickness, double-stranded or single-stranded, etc.) number of chromosomes in each…arrow_forwardThe following pairs of term differentiate mitosis from meiosis. Describe the pair of terms briefly. 1. Somatic cells vs. sex cells 2. Haploid cells vs. Diploid cells 3. Homologous chromosomes vs. Sister chromatids 4. Daughter cells vs. 2 daughter cells 5. 2n = 6 vs n = 3arrow_forwardA Diagrammatic Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis Name: Draw chromosomes in the following cells to represent the various stages of mitosis and meiosis for an organism with a diploid number of 4. Label your diagrams with descriptions of the chromosomes and the key events that are occurring during this stage of the process. Mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase OOOarrow_forward
- Provide examples to support or refute this statement: The products of meiosis are always haploid cells, whereas the products of mitotic division are always diploid cells.arrow_forwardComparing Mitosis and Meiosis Now that you have learned about both mitosis and meiosis, let's compare the two processes. Think before you drop - This is an all or nothing type of question. Double check that you are happy with where you placed all of the options before you submit the knowledge check. Mitosis Only Meiosis Only No Answers Chosen No Answers Chosen Both Meiosis and Mitosis Neither Meiosis or Mitosis No Answers Chosen No Answers Chosen Possible answers | Takes place in most cells in the body | Daughter cells are diploid | DNA replication occurs during this process Metaphase E Creates variation E Process is complete after two divisions ::::arrow_forwardlist and describe the ways meiosis increases variability; be able to discuss importance of genetic diversity. list and describe the processes of the central dogma of biology – the flow of information from DNA to protein.arrow_forward
- This is a three part question: Mitosis and meiosis are both processes of eukaryotic cell division, with the same names used to describe different stags. a. What are the significant cellular and chromosomal events that occur during each stage of mitosis? b. What are the similarities and differences between the events that occur during each stage of mitosis and the corresponding stage of meiosis I? c. What are the similarities and differences between the events that occur during each stage of mitosis and the corresponding stage of meiosis II?arrow_forwardIn a tabular form, differentiate mitosis and meiosis using the following criteria: Chromosome number of daughter cells Stages Synapsis Crossing over Cell type Number of cells formed Genetic consequences Note: More info about genetic consequences and cell type if possible, you can disregard other criteria or parameter of comparison like synapsis, crossing over.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does BEST compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis? Group of answer choices Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in a diploid daughter cell Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in haploid gametes. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells.arrow_forward
- Meiosis In this worksheet, you will review the steps of meiosis and view video simulations of this type of cell division. You will also view an onion root tip and calculate the percentage of cells at each of the stages of cell division. Stages of Meiosis Visit http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/main.html for an additional review of Meiosis Part 1: Reproduction 1. Give an example of asexual reproduction. 2. What is a clone? 3. What is the difference between haploid and diploid? Part 2: Chromosomes in a Diploid Cell 4. What is the diploid chromosome number for humans? 5. Egg and sperm cells are [haploid / diploid] Part 3: Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 6. Name the stage of meiosis 1 where each of the following occurs: ● Homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses. . Bivalents align at metaphase plate ● Two complete daughter cells form Nuclear membrane disappears. Nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes move to separate pole ● ●arrow_forwardSelect two that apply. Which of the following generate genetic diversity in meiosis? homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase II homologous chromosomes align individually during metaphase II O bivalents align independently from other bivalents during metaphase I sister chromatids exchange genetic material during prophase I homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during prophase I meiosis goes through two rounds of divisionarrow_forwardDiagram how aneuploidy may occur through Mitosis starting from a parent cell at G1 phase. Make sure to distinguish between chromosomes and the following phases of cell division (G1 phase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis). Indicate the chromosome equation and chromosome number of the parent cell and the daughter cells. *S phase and G2 phase purposefully excluded Consider a diploid organism that follows the XX-XO mode of sex determination. Normally, there are 7 chromosomes in its somatic cell. The chromosomal composition is as follows: Chromosome I is a large acrocentric chromosome Chromosome II is a large telocentric chromosome Chromosome III is a small telocentric chromosome Chromosome IV (X chromosome) is a medium submetacentric chromosomearrow_forward
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cell division of meiosis and mitosis; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-mFPZLLbHI;License: Standard youtube license