list and describe the ways meiosis increases variability; be able to discuss importance of genetic diversity. list and describe the processes of the central dogma of biology – the flow of information from DNA to protein.

DRAW OUT CLEARLY each of these chromosomes labeling as appropriate (demoed in class) The cell has a diploid number of 8 Each pair has a set of linked genes that are located on each end of the chromosome (paternal on left, maternal on right) Pair 1 AB and ab Pair 2 DE and de Pair 3 Fg and fG Pair 4 hI and Hi Show what the chromosomes would look like in G1, G2, TI and TII

Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish between them. aneuploidy/euploidy

Explain the similarities and differences on how mitosis and meiosisare used in the plant and human (animal) life cycle

The Karyotype • Karyotype [KAER-ee-oh-tihp]: To prepare a karyotype: A cell sample is collected and treated to stop The sample is stained, which produces chromosomes that is clearly visible under a microscope Chromosomes are and The autosomes are numbered, labelled as K » X }( 13 . 19 ❤. 15 20 {{ 10 16 21 on the and the sex chromosomes are 25 12 K= during 22 12 18 Su X/Y

The processes that pass genetic information from generation to generation are

* b. Briefly explain how the use of this molecule (CA1P) disrupts both stages of photosynthesis while the Rubisco enzyme is associated with only one stage. Codule 3: The principles of heredity 1. Let's take the example of the gray kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) whose ploidy is 8 and the sexual determinism of this species is carried out according to the XY mode. From a male kangaroo: a) Draw the karyotype of this individual, obtained by stopping division at metaphase. Your drawing should include: a. All maternal and paternal chromosomes involved (different colors) b. An example of autosome and heterochromosome c. An example of homologous chromosome, sister chromatid and centromere. d. The total number of chromosomes in a metaphase kangaroo cell. e. A sentence to explain the difference between the terms gene and allele that might apply to this species. Page 3/4 Sh Q + 9 CA 9 0 11:57 M DELL

Match each box to one of the descriptions

Explain the scientific cause of Down syndrome (alterations during DNA replication, mutagenic factors, errors in transcription or translation, or disjunction errors during meiosis, etc).

Define Linkage, and relate it to specific events in meiosis