list and describe the ways meiosis increases variability; be able to discuss importance of genetic diversity. list and describe the processes of the central dogma of biology – the flow of information from DNA to protein.

Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish between them. aneuploidy/euploidy

The Karyotype • Karyotype [KAER-ee-oh-tihp]: To prepare a karyotype: A cell sample is collected and treated to stop The sample is stained, which produces chromosomes that is clearly visible under a microscope Chromosomes are and The autosomes are numbered, labelled as K » X }( 13 . 19 ❤. 15 20 {{ 10 16 21 on the and the sex chromosomes are 25 12 K= during 22 12 18 Su X/Y

* b. Briefly explain how the use of this molecule (CA1P) disrupts both stages of photosynthesis while the Rubisco enzyme is associated with only one stage. Codule 3: The principles of heredity 1. Let's take the example of the gray kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) whose ploidy is 8 and the sexual determinism of this species is carried out according to the XY mode. From a male kangaroo: a) Draw the karyotype of this individual, obtained by stopping division at metaphase. Your drawing should include: a. All maternal and paternal chromosomes involved (different colors) b. An example of autosome and heterochromosome c. An example of homologous chromosome, sister chromatid and centromere. d. The total number of chromosomes in a metaphase kangaroo cell. e. A sentence to explain the difference between the terms gene and allele that might apply to this species. Page 3/4 Sh Q + 9 CA 9 0 11:57 M DELL

Match each box to one of the descriptions

Define Linkage, and relate it to specific events in meiosis

Describe what happens to the chromosome through Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2, and indicate how this process leads to genetic diversity among offspring. Use these terms: homologous pairs, bivalents/tetrads, crossing over, independent assortment, sister chromatids, diploid, and haploid.