Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 16PDQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The combinations of homologous chromosomes C1 and C2, M1 and M2, S1 and S2, and W1 and W2 in the haploid cells following meiosis.
Introduction:
Homologous chromosomes are the pair of similar chromosomes that align together at the time of cell division. Cell division is of two types mainly, mitosis in which the two diploid cells are produced from diploid parent cell, and meiosis in which four haploid cells are formed from the diploid parent cell.
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Consider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentricchromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
Consider a diploid cell that has 2n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
Draw a hypothetical cell’s chromosome configuration undergoing meiosis (show before meiosis, after meiosis I, and then after meiosis II) under each of the following situations:
If there is one pair of homologous chromosomes AND there is nondisjunction in meiosis I.
If there are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one labeled ‘A’ and another labeled ‘B’.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused...Ch. 2 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 12....Ch. 2 - What role do the following cellular components...Ch. 2 -
4. Discuss the concepts of homologous...Ch. 2 - If two chromosomes of a species are the same...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that characterize each stage...Ch. 2 - How are chromosomes named on the basis of their...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 2 -
9. Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the...Ch. 2 - Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 2 - Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is...Ch. 2 -
14. Explain why meiosis leads to significant...Ch. 2 -
15. A diploid cell contains three pairs of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 2 -
17. During oogenesis in an animal species with a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 2 -
19. During the first meiotic prophase, (a) when...Ch. 2 -
20. Describe the role of meiosis in the life...Ch. 2 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 2 -
24. If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an...Ch. 2 -
25. The nuclear DNA content of a single sperm...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 -
For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...
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- Consider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.arrow_forwardConsider a diploid cell that contains 7 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair includes a maternal and a paternal member (for example: AP pair) or AP B ^ n * B ^ p (two pairs). How many different combinations of chromatids are possible during the early phases of anaphase in meiosis II?arrow_forwardShown below are photomicrographs of Rhoeo tradescantia cells undergoing meiosis. Answer the following question for each of the photomicrographs: Identify the cytogenetic abnormality observed (ex. ring, chain, laggard, bridge). Identify the meiotic stage in which these aberrations are observed (as shown in the photomicrograph). Explain how these aberrations are formed and relate to the possible causal mutation(s). Will this result to sterile and/or fertile gametes? Explain.arrow_forward
- During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is , or .For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is , or . In an organism with a haploid number of , how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? Select one: a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardThe drawings below represent four possible cells produce by meiosis in a cell pf the genotype AaBb. Examine the figures below and answer the questions that follow: 1. How many different types of cells are produced at the end of Meiosis I? A *Write your answer as a word, not a number 2. Is there any other way you could have arranged the chromosomes? For example, a. Could A and a be arranged so that both go to the same cell after Metaphase I (Yes/No)? B b. Could B and b be arranged so that both go to the same cell after Metaphase I (Yes.No)? C c. Could A and B be arranged so that both go to the same cell after Metaphase I (Yes/No)? D d. Could A and b be arranged so that both go to the same cell after Metaphase I?(Yes./No) E 3. Are the daughter cells haploid, or diploid? F 4. Do the daughter cells have the same genetic composition as the original cell (Yes/No)? G 5. Focus on the four daughter cells…arrow_forwardShown are three alignments of reciprocal translocation chromosomes in cells about to undergo meiosis. Match the daughter cells that will result after meiosisarrow_forward
- Consider and individual with 3 pairs of homologous chromosomes labeled as: A/a B/b D/d(where the slash line separates one chromosome from its homologues). How many differentmeiotic products (sperm or egg) can this individual produce? What are these?arrow_forwardBriefly explain what 2n=12 means in terms of mitosis and meiosis.arrow_forwardA certain species of animal has 18 chromosomes in its diploid cells (2n=18). Describe what the metaphase chromosome arrangement would look like for this species in each of the following stages: mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis IIarrow_forward
- Meiosis is characterized by the pairing of homologouschromosomes during prophase I. In many species, an elaboratestructure called the synaptonemal complex forms betweenhomologues. During this pairing, homologues may exchangechromosomal material at sites called chiasmata. In meiosis I, thehomologues separate from each other, reducing the chromosomenumber to the haploid state (thus the reductive division). It isfollowed by a second division without replication, during whichsister chromatids become separated. The result of meiosis I and IIis four haploid cells. If sister chromatids separated at the first division, would meiosis still work?arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Consider a pair of homologous chromosomes heterozygous for three genes (e.g. ABC / abc) during prophase I of meiosis. Let the sister chromatids of one homolog be numbered 1 and 2; and the sister chromatids of the other homolog be numbered 3 and 4. A crossover that would result in genetic recombination (e.g., Abc or aBC) could involve which chromatids? a. 1 & 2 or 3 & 4 b. 1 & 3 or 2 & 4 c. 1 & 4 or 2 & 3 d. 1 & 3 or 1 & 4 or 2 & 3 or 2 & 4 e. any two of the four chromatidsarrow_forwarda. What phase of Meiosis II is the cell in? How do you know? b. Assuming all of the chromosomes present during Meiosis II are shown in the figure above, how many chromosomes (counting homologous pairs as two chromosomes) does a gamete from this organism have? c. Draw the same cell during the same phase of Meiosis I. Label the elements.arrow_forward
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