1. Aspartame, marketed under the trade name Nutra-Sweet, has the following structure: CO₂CH3 HẸN—CH-C—NH-CH-CH2 CH2CO2H It is made from 2 compounds known as amino acids by the production of an amide bond. What are the structures of these 2 amino acids? (Hint: identify the amide linkage and break it) [2]

Which of the following is not true of a lipid?     They are composed of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components.     They can contain both sp2 hybridised and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms.     They are always long and linear molecules.     The primary biological functions of lipids include energy storage, signalling and functioning as structural components of cell membranes.     They are important biomolecules for life.

For example, alanine is a chiral amino acid that has two enantiomers: (+)-alanine and (-)-alanine. These two are optical isomers. NH2 NH2 4. One of the most important properties of chiral molecules in solution is their effect on plane- polarized light, this effect is called optical activity. -C H 2 COOH HOOC CH When an enantiomer rotates a plane-polarized light in the positive direction or clockwise, it is dextrorotary (+ or d), while for a negative direction or counterclockwise, it is levorotary (- or l) (+)-Alanine (-)-Alanine Alanine is a chiral amino acid that has two enantiomers: (+)-alanine and ()-alanine. These two are optical isomers.

(i) Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.(ii) What are antiseptics? Give an example.(iii) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and soft drinks?

What is an isomer? Name the isomers of the compound with the closed formula C4H9CI. Which of these isomers can have a chiral structure? Examine it from a stereochemical point of view

Propranolol is a chiral compound. (R)-Propranolol is used as a contraceptive; (S)-propranolol is used to treat hypertension. Identify the chiral carbon in the structure below. Is this the (R) or the (S) isomer? Draw the other isomer.

draw and name the two different structural isomers of C7H16

What is the mathematical relationship between the number of chiral carbons and the number of optical isomers (stereoisomers) in a molecule?

HO HO ܦܐܐ ܒܐܠܥܐ HO HO OH OH HO- OH HO HO- OH Barley grain is used in the production of beer. This grain contains many polysaccharides which are hydrolyzed into sugars for yeast fermentation. Beta-glucans are polymers of glucose units. Many of these polysaccharides have a lot of branching. Identify the glycosidic linkages in this beta-glucan polysaccharide. OH OH OH HO Question 1.b of 45 HO OH A) a-1,4-linkages B) B-1,4-linkages C) a mix of a-1,3 and a-1,4-linkages D) a mix of B-1,3 and ß-1,4-linkages E) a mix of a-1,3 and ß-1,4-linkages Submit +