Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 14P
The molecular identity of the fruit fly rugose gene described in Problem 6 has been established. As a result, cDNA clones corresponding to the rugose gene mRNA and antibodies that recognize the Rugose protein are now available.
| a. | How could you use these reagents to determine in which tissues the rugose gene is expressed? Does the expression of the gene in any particular tissue establish that the Rugose protein plays an essential function there? |
| b. | How could these same materials also help you to determine if a newly discovered recessive allele of rugose is a null or a hypomorphic mutation? If a new allele is dominant to wild type, could the mRNA clone or the antibody help you decide if the allele is antimorphic, hypermorphic, or neomorphic? |
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 19 - Match each of the terms in the left column to the...Ch. 19 - a. If you were interested in the role of a...Ch. 19 - Early C. elegans embryos display mosaic...Ch. 19 - Hypomorphic mutations in the wingless gene of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - In 1932, H. J. Muller suggested a genetic test to...Ch. 19 - a. Explain how you could use worms transformed...Ch. 19 - Suppose you want to determine whether a particular...Ch. 19 - Sevenless is an unusual receptor protein in that...Ch. 19 - Suppose that you generated flies containing a...
Ch. 19 - Drosophila researchers have collected many strains...Ch. 19 - As an alternative to random mutagenesis,...Ch. 19 - A C. elegans nematode gene called par-1 helps to...Ch. 19 - The molecular identity of the fruit fly rugose...Ch. 19 - To determine the focus of action of boss,...Ch. 19 - Suppose a particular gene is required for early...Ch. 19 - Researchers have exploited Minute mutations in...Ch. 19 - Some ts alleles are temperature sensitive during...Ch. 19 - The following figure shows the temperature-shift...Ch. 19 - A temperature-sensitive allele of the gene...Ch. 19 - Hypomorphic alleles of a pleiotropic gene...Ch. 19 - In addition to the maternal effect genes that...Ch. 19 - The yan gene encodes a transcription factor that...Ch. 19 - Recall from Chapter 17 that in Drosophila, sex...Ch. 19 - a. Explain the difference between maternal...Ch. 19 - In the 1920s, Arthur Boycott, working with the...Ch. 19 - The Drosophila mutant screen shown on the...Ch. 19 - Some genes are required both zygotically and...Ch. 19 - How would a human with a mutation in a maternal...Ch. 19 - One important demonstration that Bicoid is an...Ch. 19 - The hunchback gene contains a 5 transcriptional...Ch. 19 - In flies developing from eggs laid by a...Ch. 19 - Wild-type embryos and mutant embryos lacking the...Ch. 19 - The Drosophila even-skipped eve gene has four...Ch. 19 - In Drosophila with loss-of-function mutations...Ch. 19 - It is crucial to the development of Drosophila...Ch. 19 - In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, every flower is...
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- The following diagram is from a paper investigating the role of β4 integrin in breast cancer. They examined the expression of miRNAs (rows) in ten β4 positive and ten β4 negative breast cancers. Each array was performed in triplicate (columns) (Gerson, 2012). B. β4 integrin is normally involved in attaching epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix and holding them in place, but in cancer, it can be involved in attaching cells to actin and increasing motility as well as in cell signaling. How is β-integrin expression related to miRNA expression? What do you think this means for these breast cancers?arrow_forwardYou would like to add a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys to a protein that is usually found in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell. To accomplish this, you introduce the nucleotide sequence encoding the NLS into the gene that encodes the cytoplasmic protein of interest. a. What is the size of the nucleotide insert that will encode the NLS? Briefly explain. 5' 3' b. Below is a diagram of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic protein of interest in the yeast genome. If your goal is to put the NLS at the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein, at which location (A-E) should the NLS be inserted? Briefly explain. A TATAA ATATT promoter +1 B ATG TAC D TAA ATT stop codon E 3' 5'arrow_forwardUsing RNA-seq analysis of transcripts isolated from different organs in mice, you find that the GFAPgene is expressed only in the brain. You examine expression in glia and neurons (two different celltypes found in the brain) and determine that GFAP mRNA and protein is made only in glia. Thisgene has never been studied before, so you start by characterizing the cis-acting elements requiredfor brain-specific expression. a. You decide to fuse pieces of DNA found upstream regions of the coding region of GAP to areporter gene (lacZ) and monitor expression. Different fragments (shown as dark lines) werecloned next to the lac gene that lacked its own promoter. M and H are restriction enzymesites. From the data shown, determine which region contains the promoter and whichregion contains an enhancer . Explain.arrow_forward
- . Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress missensemutations.a. Why would bacterial strains carrying such missense suppressor mutations generally grow moreslowly than strains carrying nonsense suppressormutations?b. What other kinds of mutations can you imagine ingenes encoding components needed for gene expression that would suppress a missense mutationin a protein-coding gene?arrow_forwardThe IMD2 promoter contains three upstream transcription start sites (TSS) that are utilized under high GTP conditions and a single downstream TSS (-106) that is normally only utilized under low GTP conditions. In a wild type cell, expression of IMD2 mRNA only occurs if transcription initiates from the -106 TSS. In 300 words or less, describe: 1.) The normal function of Ssl2, and 2.) why a mutation in Ssl2, that increases its catalytic rate, would allow expression of the IMD2 ORF under high GTP conditions. (Conditions under which the IMD2 ORF is NOT expressed in the wild type.)arrow_forwardThe transcription factor Pax6 is required continually during the life of a mouse (or a human) for the development of the retina. Homozygous Pax6 knockout mice die soon after birth because Pax6 protein is also required in essential organs, such as the pancreas. a) In order to study the role of Pax6 in eye development a researcher wants to generate a mouse that expresses Pax6 everywhere except in its eyes. Describe how you could construct such a mouse by floxing the gene. Is it possible to achieve the same end with a transgene? (Hint: think about using cDNA and RNAI) b) Suppose you want to create a mouse similar to that in part (a), but one where the eye cells from Pax6 function has been removed and now express a gene that specifies a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Marking the cells in this way will allow the investigators to see the shapes of the Pax6- eye cells more easily than if they did not express GFP. Diagram a Pax6 gene construct that would enable the researcher to do this…arrow_forward
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- Which of the following is the most likely result of a mutation in the lac operator that prevents release of the depressor protein? Choose 1 answer: (A)The lactose permease protein will be produced, even in the absence of lactose. (B) Transcription of the structural genes will be blocked, even in the presence of lactose. (C) The catabolite activator protein will be bound to the CAP site, even in the presence of glucose. (D) Expression of the lacI gene will be repressed, even in the absence of glucose.arrow_forwardWhy is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter (i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic messages)? a. For efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal. This is why polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. b. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message. c. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. d. For an efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal only. e. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of single message in initiation and termination.arrow_forwardIf the lacl gene is mutated so that the repressor protein no longer binds to lactose, what will be the effect on the expression of B-galactosidase in lactose's presence and absence? Explain. If the promoter for lacl is mutated so that the expression of the repressor increases, what will be the effect on the expression of B-galactosidase in the presence and absence of lactose? Explain. D. (Extremely tricky question!) Describe the behavior of the lac operon assuming that the lacl gene has been mutated so that the repressor now binds to DNA in the presence of lactose but cannot bind to DNA in the absence of lactose.arrow_forward
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