Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 27P
The Drosophila mutant screen shown on the right-hand side of Fig. 19.18 was limited; it could identify mutations only in maternal effect genes whose functions were not required in female tissues other than the eggs they produced.
a. | What aspect of the screen imposed this limitation? |
b. | How could you determine if any of the mutations identified are in genes required in males? |
c. | Why was the Balancer chromosome needed in the screen? |
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Gene X is expressed in the developing brain, heart, andlungs of mice. Mutations that selectively affect gene Xfunction in these three tissues map to three differentregions (A, B, and C, respectively) 5′ of the X codingregion.a. Explain the nature of these mutations.b. Draw a map of the X locus consistent with the preceding information.c. How would you test the function of the A, B, and Cregions?
Drosophila females homozygous for loss-of-functionmutations in the gene aubergine are sterile. RNA-Seqexperiments show that in the ovaries of these females,the levels of RNAs for many kinds of transposable elements are more than 10× higher than in wild-type ovaries. The aubergine gene encodes a Piwi-family protein.a. Why do you think these females are sterile?b. Piwi proteins interact with piRNAs that are transcribed from piRNA gene clusters. Given that thelevels of many kinds of TEs are elevated in mutantovaries, what kinds of DNA sequences do youthink are located in these clusters?c. Many investigators think of piRNAs as a kind ofdefensive mechanism that protects organisms fromthe effects of new transposable elements that mightbe introduced into genomes, for example fromother species. Explain
In this module, you have learned about the use of balancer chromosomes (such as TM2 and TM6C in the below crossing scheme) for isolating Drosophila mutants during EMS mutagenesis. Please inspect the following crossing scheme and choose which of the following statements is correct.
A.
TM6C is preferable over TM2 when performing mutagenesis
B.
EMS induces chromosomal inversion
C.
A balancer chromosome helps to isolate on which chromosome the mutant is located
D.
Following the above crossing scheme all flies with no TM2 or TM6C markers are mutants
Chapter 19 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 19 - Match each of the terms in the left column to the...Ch. 19 - a. If you were interested in the role of a...Ch. 19 - Early C. elegans embryos display mosaic...Ch. 19 - Hypomorphic mutations in the wingless gene of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - In 1932, H. J. Muller suggested a genetic test to...Ch. 19 - a. Explain how you could use worms transformed...Ch. 19 - Suppose you want to determine whether a particular...Ch. 19 - Sevenless is an unusual receptor protein in that...Ch. 19 - Suppose that you generated flies containing a...
Ch. 19 - Drosophila researchers have collected many strains...Ch. 19 - As an alternative to random mutagenesis,...Ch. 19 - A C. elegans nematode gene called par-1 helps to...Ch. 19 - The molecular identity of the fruit fly rugose...Ch. 19 - To determine the focus of action of boss,...Ch. 19 - Suppose a particular gene is required for early...Ch. 19 - Researchers have exploited Minute mutations in...Ch. 19 - Some ts alleles are temperature sensitive during...Ch. 19 - The following figure shows the temperature-shift...Ch. 19 - A temperature-sensitive allele of the gene...Ch. 19 - Hypomorphic alleles of a pleiotropic gene...Ch. 19 - In addition to the maternal effect genes that...Ch. 19 - The yan gene encodes a transcription factor that...Ch. 19 - Recall from Chapter 17 that in Drosophila, sex...Ch. 19 - a. Explain the difference between maternal...Ch. 19 - In the 1920s, Arthur Boycott, working with the...Ch. 19 - The Drosophila mutant screen shown on the...Ch. 19 - Some genes are required both zygotically and...Ch. 19 - How would a human with a mutation in a maternal...Ch. 19 - One important demonstration that Bicoid is an...Ch. 19 - The hunchback gene contains a 5 transcriptional...Ch. 19 - In flies developing from eggs laid by a...Ch. 19 - Wild-type embryos and mutant embryos lacking the...Ch. 19 - The Drosophila even-skipped eve gene has four...Ch. 19 - In Drosophila with loss-of-function mutations...Ch. 19 - It is crucial to the development of Drosophila...Ch. 19 - In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, every flower is...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Mutations in the HPRT1 gene in humans result in atleast two clinical syndromes. Consult OMIM (www.omim.org) by querying HPRT1; you will only needto look briefly at the top three hits (files #300322,300323, and 308000).a. What is the full name of the HPRT1 enzyme?b. On which chromosome is the HPRT1 gene located?c. Mutations in HPRT1 are associated with two different syndromes. What are these syndromes? Foreach, answer the following questions: (i) What arethe symptoms associated with the syndrome? (ii) Isthe mutant allele that causes the syndrome dominant, recessive, codominant, or incompletely dominant with respect to the normal allele, or do specialconditions apply? (iii) Is the syndrome associatedwith a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function disease allele? (iv) Does the syndrome display allelicheterogeneity? (v) Does the syndrome display locus heterogeneity? (Note: You do not need to understand everything in the OMIM entries to answerthese questions.)arrow_forwardAssume that there is a double stranded break on DNA double helix of an eukaryotic cell due to X-ray radiation and it is not repaired. In addition, the cell’s Apaf-1 protein is not expressed due to a null mutation in the Apaf-1 gene. Please discuss the effect of not having Apaf-1 expression in the cell with non-repaired double stranded break.arrow_forwarda. Describe two ways you could potentially make atransgene that would inhibit the function of a specific gene in a transgenic organism. (Hint: For oneof these techniques, recall the discussion of RNAinterference in Chapter 17.)b. Discuss how you could use either of these methodsto construct a mouse model for a recessive humangenetic condition associated with a loss of function, such as cystic fibrosis.arrow_forward
- Not all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.arrow_forwardAnother class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress missensemutations.a. Why would bacterial strains carrying such missense suppressor mutations generally grow moreslowly than strains carrying nonsense suppressormutations?arrow_forwardSuppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene called bicoid-A, bicoid-B, and bicoid-C; the wild type is designated bicoid +. To study these mutations, phenotypically normal female flies that are homozygous for the given bicoid mutation were obtained, and their oocytes were analyzed using a Northern blot to determine the size and/or amount of the bicoid mRNA and in situ hybridization to determine the bicoid mRNA location within the oocyte. A wild-type strain was also analyzed as a control. In both cases, the probe was complementary to the bicoid mRNA and the results are shown below. (Anterior is on the left; posterior is on the right.) Northern blot 1 2 - 3 4 In situ hybridization Wild type Lane 1. Wild type (bicoid*) Lane 2. bicoid-A Lane 3. bicoid-B Lane 4. bicoid-C bicoid-B bicoid-A bicoid-C Which mutation is likely to cause the embryo to develop two "anterior" ends? bicoid-B Obicoid-A bicoid-Carrow_forward
- The restriction digests of the cloned Drosophila gene can provide direct visible evidence of a mutation, as these samples come from a clone of the gene. In order to similarly detect a mutation in the copy of the endogenous gene within the Drosophila genome, a mechanism for specifically detecting restriction fragments from that gene among the complex set of fragments generated in a restriction digest of the entire Drosophila genome. Remember that the Drosophila melanogaster genome consists of ~123,000 kb. For a 10.2 kb Drosophila gene, what fraction of the genome does this gene constitute?arrow_forwardIn the module, you have learned about P-element mediated transgenesis in Drosophila and the concept of using transgenes to rescue mutant phenotypes. In the figure below, you will see a wild type fly with its natural eye colour and three mutants with their eye colours changed to vermillion, white and rosy, respectively. A schematic of P-element mediated transgenesis (as shown in the lectures) is also included in the figure. Please inspect the schematic carefully and choose which of the following statements is true: I. Injection of the white experimental transgene into the vermillion mutant embryo will not change the vermillion mutant phenotype II. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant embryo will change rosy eye colour to red (wild type) III. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the white mutant embryo will not change the white mutant phenotype IV. Injection of the white experimental transgene in the rosy mutant…arrow_forwarda) hours: 0 2 567 DMC1 SPS1 hours: 0 2 5 6 7 9 11 DIT1 SPS100 Oxygen level (% normal) b) 120 100 FIGURE 4.6. Comparison of Northern blots with DNA microarray data. a) Results from four individual Northern blots examining four different genes and measuring mRNA production over time, as indicated. b) Results from a series of microarrays for the same four genes of interest. Note the color scale on the bottom of b), where bright green indicates a 20-fold repression and bright red indicates a 20-fold induction. Black indicates no change in transcription (i.e., the merged microarray spot would have appeared yellow). 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 gene X gene Y gene Z 3 1 hour 1.0 1.0 b) 1.0 hours: 0.5 2 5 7 9 11 DMC1 SPS1 DIT1 SPS100 fold repressed >20 10x 3x3x10x >20 1:1 fold induced 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time (hours) 3 hour 2.2 4.5 1.5 5 9 hour hour 1.0 0.15 0.95 0.05 2.0 2.0 FIGURE 4.7 Transcriptional response of three genes to the gradual loss of oxygen. a) Graph of oxygen con- sumption over time by…arrow_forward
- E. coli strain BW25113 can grow on (D) Arg as the sole carbon source. A scientist working with you on this project has discovered that mice encode a protease that cancleave between (D)Arg‐(D)Arg. a. In a set of discrete steps outline how to construct this genomic library so that recombinant expression can be performed in E. coli b. Once the genomic library has been constructed, describe in DISCRETE steps how you would isolate the DNA sequence that encodes for the protease that cleaves between (D)Ag-(D)Argarrow_forwardSIM is toxic to E. coli. Ali has discovered that a novel prokaryote, C.bantaglia genome encodes for a protein, AIN that can degrade SIM. a. In steps, outline how you can construct this genomic library so that recombinant expression can be performed in E. coli? B. After the genomic library has been constructed you are tasked to describe in steps how you would isolate the DNA sequence that encodes for AIN?arrow_forwardThe goal of the Knockout Mouse Project is to generate a set of ES cell lines, each with a knockout mutation in a single gene, that collectively contains amutation in every gene in the mouse genome.a. Do you think that it will be possible, for everygene, to generate a heterozygous knockout ES cellline? Explain.b. Do you think that for every heterozygous knockoutES cell line, it will be possible to generate a heterozygous knockout mouse? Explain.c. In fact, investigators failed in their attempts to generate ES cell knockouts for the Fam gene describedin Problem 5. How could these researchers use EScell technology to determine whether Fam is required for eye development in the mouse? Diagrama construct that the researchers could introduceinto ES cells to explore this issue.d. Describe various outcomes that might be obtainedfrom the experiment in part (c) and what you couldconclude in each case.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Embryology | Fertilization, Cleavage, Blastulation; Author: Ninja Nerd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-KF0rnhKTU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY