Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.6, Problem 1CYL
- describe the evolutionary history of humans and the factors that may have fostered humans’ distinctive adaptations?
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Rank the characteristics, from one to ten, in terms of when they occurred in evolution ("1" = early in evolution, "10" = late) and their importance in the evolution of organisms. Characteristics shared by all of the animals receive a "one.” Those characteristics at the first branch point receive a "two.” Those at more recent branches receive progressively higher numbers. What is the ranking of the characteristics from 1-10?
There are two hypotheses to explain the pattern of Human Evolution:
1) Progressive Evolution of a Single Lineage ; 2) Evolutionary Radiation
Which of these hypotheses are supported by evidence, and briefly explain why?
Please explain in details
Who are the fossils “Ardi” and “Lucy”? Elaborate on the roles each played in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- What is an evolutionary tree? Is there a precise evolutionary tree known by science that explains the emergence and origin of every type of living being?arrow_forwardWe have studied how the six major primate groups evolved, with the most recent group being the hominins.The hominins branched off from main ape group around 7 million years ago.According to our lessons explain your reasoning as to whether there is a missing link,or one single specimen that embodies both ape and hominin traits, that serves as a transition between what is clearly ape and what is clearly hominin?What have you found most interesting about the beginning of hominin evolution and why?arrow_forwardRank the characteristics, from one to ten, in terms of when they occurred in evolution ("1" = early in evolution, "10" = late). Characteristics shared by all of the animals receive a "one.” Those characteristics at the first branch point receive a "two.” Those at more recent branches receive progressively higher numbers. What is the ranking of the characteristics from 1-10?arrow_forward
- Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)arrow_forwardExplain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of each in terms of the adaptive potential? Define the term “adaptive radiation” and explain why it is important to the principle of evolution. Why was adaptive radiation especially important to mammals’ eventual rapid evolutionary success and diversification? What are some of the different groups of mammals?arrow_forwarddescribe the earliest human species such as the Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo neanderthalensis. How do these human species differ based on fossil records/discoveries?arrow_forward
- In 1822, an Arkansas farmer discovered a fossil when a hill collapsed on his property. The farmer sent the bones to the Philadelphia society to be reviewed by scientists where it was determined that the bones were from a whale. Through research, the scientists discovered whales have a vestigial structure that includes a pelvic girdle and hind limbs. Which evidence best supports the theory that organisms, such as whales, have common ancestry and have evolved? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices A/Ostriches and emus are flightless birds. B/Ancient cave paintings depict humans and bulls thousands of years ago. C/More than 96% of human DNA is identical to chimpanzee DNA. D/In the early stages of embryonic development, humans, rabbits, fish, and salamanders look very similar. E/Scientists discovered eight genetic variants in four regions of the human genome that influence skin color ranging from very light to very dark.arrow_forwardDiscuss: How old are the oldest camel fossils shown? How has the skull changed over time? How have the teeth changed over time? How have the leg bones changed over time? Table 15.1 Fossils are used by scientists to understand how camels evolved. Table 15.1 Camel Evolution Age Paleocene 65 million years ago Eocene 54 million years ago Organism Skull and teeth Limb bones Oligocene 33 million years ago Miocene 23 million years ago Presentarrow_forwardRank the characteristics, from one to ten, in terms of when they occurred in evolution ("1" = early in evolution, "10" = late). Characteristics shared by all of the animals receive a "one.” Those characteristics at the first branch point receive a "two.”arrow_forward
- Human Evolution Discuus the 4 different species : Australopithecus afarensis, Paranthropussp, early Homo, and Homo sapiens. how they changed physically, behaviorally, and culturally ?arrow_forwardWhat is an evolutionary tree? Is there a precise evolutionary tree that explains the emergence and origin of every type of living organisms?arrow_forwardGive an example of an animal that has evolved through time such as birds, insects and others. How has this certain animal evolved? You may draw the evolution or simply explain. Thanks so much!arrow_forward
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