Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 2TC
Scientists have identified a free living bacterium believed to be descended from the endosymbiont that gave rise to mitochondria. Would you expect the DNA sequence of this modem bacterium to be most similar to the sequence of DNA from a plant chloroplast, an animal cell nucleus, or a plant mitochondrion?
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Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism?
A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction.
B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization.
C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell.
D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.
For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organism, which of the following would one expect to occur? a) All the cells are identical b) The endoplasmic reticulum is not involved. c) These specialized cells activate only the genes in their nucleoid area. d) Cells must be getting new genetic mutations and more DNA e) none of these are true.
a) Describe some characteristics and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.b) How do the three domains of life differ from one another?c) Two of the organelles in eukaryotes, the mitochondrion and the chloroplast are believed to haveoriginated through a process of symbiosis. Discuss some of the theories of the origins ofmitochondria and chloroplasts
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Imagine that there is an E. coli outbreak in your area, and you would like to test the kangkong from your local grocery store. How could you modify this protocol to extract DNA from the kangkong (to identify the species) and check for presence or absence of E. coli.? Keep in mind that (i) E. coli is free-living and not an endosymbiont, and (ii) plant cells are encased in both a cell membrane and cell wall.arrow_forwardIn the course of evolution of the eukaryotic cell, the ability to store newly synthesized molecules is associated with: a) the nucleus of prokaryotes, b) vesicles that contain enzymes that perform dehydration synthesis, c) lysosomes, d) the nucleoid area of the cytoplasm. e) proteins produced outside of the Endoplasmic reticulum.arrow_forward1. Why was the great oxygenation event important for mitochondrial development? a) In your own words, define symbiotic. 2. Chloroplasts and mitochondria both contain a circular DNA chromosome, and ribosomes. Why does this evidence support the theory of endosymbiosis as the mechanism for the origin of eukaryotic cells? a) Today, could mitochondria live independently of their eukaryotic cell host? Give two pieces of evidence to support your answer.arrow_forward
- For each of the following indicate if they evolved once, twice, or perhaps several times. a) acquisition of mitochondria b) acquisition of chloroplast c) multicellularity d) origin of ribosomesarrow_forwardIn comparing bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, which statement below among A - D is false? A) O the members of two of these three groups comprise cells that lack a nuclear membrane B) O archaea and eukaryotes share some similarities in the componeents of gene expression C) O having diverse types of metabolism is a feature of the members of archaea and bacteria D) Oa cytoplasmic membrane is a feature shared by all the cells in these three groups E) OA-E are all truearrow_forwardThe extra energy required for the evolution of the highly complex eukaryotic cell was possible because: a) mesosomes released enzymes into the nucleus b) two types of prokaryotic bacteria became endo symbiotic invaders of the complex cells c) the DNA of the eukaryote cell functions within the nucleoid area d) chloroplasts were able to use O2 to conduct photosynthesis e) the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane contained mitochondriaarrow_forward
- The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of chloroplasts from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: the presence of enzymes for the light-dependent and the dark reactions of photosynthesis the presence of circular DNA resembling that of photosynthetic eubacteria the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the cyanobacteria their use of mitosis rather than binary fission during cell division the presence of 70s ribosomes, consisting of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunitsarrow_forwardThe concept of endosymbiosis as applied to chloroplast and mitochondria found in eukaryotes: a) is based on evidence that Chloroplasts and Mitochondria were originally prokaryotes, b) changes present day animals into plants, c) explains how chemical evolution caused the appearance of life, d) allowed chloroplasts to carry out aerobic metabolism, e) all are true.arrow_forwardIdentify the single most correct answer: a) Ribosome is an organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ob) During conjugation a naked DNA molecule found in the surroundings gets into bacteria. c) Spontaneous mutation cannot result in the production of an altered protein. Od) Gene transfer from one species of bacteria to another (donor to recipient) represents horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forward
- The evolution of the highly complex eukaryotic cell was possible because.. A) Mesosomes released enzymes in to the nucleus B) Two types of prokaryotic bacteria became endo symbiotic invaders of the complex cells C) The DNA of the eukaryote cell functions within the nucleoid area D) Chloroplasts were able to use 02 to conduct photosynthesis E) the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane contained mitochondria Explain whyarrow_forwardWhich of the following histones shows more sequence similarity among eukaryotic species? a) H2A b) H3 c) H1 d) H2Barrow_forward(if anyone please help me with all these questions) 2. As eukaryotic cells become more specialized, the nucleus is NOT important as the site of a) DNA synthesis, b) changes in the regulation of genes, c) protein synthesis, d) the transcription of mRNA for protein synthesis, e) DNA mutation. 3. In the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, these cells have key changes that include which of the following: a) These cells reproduce by copying their DNA perfectly each generation. b) They have their DNA in the nucleoid area. c) have adapted the mesosome membrane system of the prokaryote to form a nucleus and an endoplasmic reticulum. d) each new type on new eukaryote cell has its own mesosomes e) none of these are true. 4. The evolution/development of the skeletal system found in the Deuterostomes, is made up of two molecules, Ca+2PO4-2 and collagen These molecules are produced released from by a specialized type of stem cell. Therefore, one would expect that these stem cells perform which…arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license