Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1AC
Extinctions have occurred throughout the history of life on Earth. Why should we care if humans are causing a mass extinction event now?
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HOW MANY MASS EXTINCTION EVENTS HAS EARTH WITNESSED SO FAR?
Throughout Earth’s history, many species, and perhaps even most of the species that ever existed, have become extinct. The causes are numerous: climate change, volcanic activity, the actions of oxygen-producing organisms, changes in carbon dioxide concentration, and even asteroid impacts. Have humans ever caused extinctions?
Because mass extinction is a natural process that may facilitate evolution during the period of thousands to millions of years that follow it, should humans be concerned about the current mass extinction we are causing? Why or why not?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- What is the “sixth mass extinction event”?arrow_forwardWe have looked at what the fossil record can tell us about the amazing History of Life on Earth. We've examined the evidence for an early origin for life in the sea, 3800 million years, and investigated how life invaded life about 500 million years. We've also discussed the subsequent boom in life that massively increased biodiversity but also noted how the History of Life is frequently punctuated by mass extinctions. Today we stand on the threshold of a new mass extinction event. The biodiversity that we take for granted and that sustains humans is threatened to a degree only rarely seen in 4500 million years of Earth History. NOW TO CONCLUDE, ANSWER THE QUESTION. 1. ARE WE ON THE BRINK OF A MASS EXTINCTION? WHAT WOULD BE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SOCIETY OF LOSING HALF OF ALL SPECIES BY 2100? ARE THERE ACTIONS THAT WE CAN TAKE AS INDIVIDUALS AND AS SOCIETY TO HELP PROTECT LIFE ON EARTH?arrow_forwardWHAT IS MASS EXTINCTION? HOW DID MASS EXTINCTION EVENTS INFLUENCE EARTH'S HISTORY?arrow_forward
- what is mass extinction?arrow_forwardWhat are some of the hypothesized causes of Earth’s biggest mass extinctions?arrow_forwardThe term Anthropocene implies that we were the major force of nature prior to 10,000 years ago. our global impact has accelerated greatly during the past couple of centuries. humans have impacted the earth at a planetary scale so severe that we can consider this a new geological epoch. millions of years from now the record of human life will be eradicated. there are more humans than bacteria.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is believed to be common among all mass extinction events? the type of event that causes the extinction the number of species that went extinct a significant change in the global climate the type of species that went extinctarrow_forwardWhy is studying extinctions is critical for our survival?arrow_forward(A) What is extinction? How extinction is different from expiration? Explain. (B)List the five mass extinction episodes occurred in the history of Earth. Characterize the nature and extent of each extinction episode.arrow_forward
- Do you believe were in a mass extinction period right now? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIncreases in species diversity arise because of A)increases in the rate of speciation. B)decreases in the rate of extinction. C)higher rates of speciation than extinction. D)All of the above The rates of extinction since the origin of life have followed which pattern? A)Gradual decrease B)Gradual increase C)No change D)Several episodes of mass extinctions, with much lower rates of fluctuating extinctions in between Which of the following statements about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? A)The new species is always an intermediate of the two parent species. B)The new species may have traits that allow it to inhabit environments different from both parental species. C)The new species may have greater genetic diversity and therefore greater trait diversity than the parental species. D)All of the above How can ecological processes influence the evolution of a population? A)Ecological…arrow_forwardWhat is the role of mass extinctions to evolution?arrow_forward
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