Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2MC
Extinction
- a. generally does not occur except during unpredictable mass extinctions.
- b. ordinarily occurs at a relatively slow but steady rate.
- c. has eliminated species at a faster rate than they have been formed.
- d. has not played a major role in the history of life.
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There have been five main mass extinctions. Match each mass extinction event to its description.
1.
Permian extinction
2.
Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction
3.
Triassic extinction
4.
Devonian extinction
5.
Ordovician extinction
a.
This extinction was most likely due to a change in sea level. During this event, about 60% of all marine species were eliminated.
b.
This is the best-known mass extinction. It eliminated most large animals, including the dinosaurs.
c.
This was the most severe extinction event. About 96% of life on Earth died during this event.
d.
This extinction was most likely caused by climate change. About 80% of land animals died during this event.
e.
This extinction was most likely due to a change in sea level. It especially affected coral reefs.
The fossil record shows that in just the last 600 million years, there have been five instances of sharp decreases in the diversity and abundance of living organisms. what are these events?
a. droughts
b. mass extinctions
c. reversals of the earth's magnetic field
d. great migration
A. How do you compare the diversity of population between the main landand an island?B. How do the mechanisms of evolution contribute to the extinction ofother organisms?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- Which of the following contributed to mass extinctions?a. climate changeb. continental driftc. meteor impactsd. All of these are correct.arrow_forwarda. are we amidst an extinction right now ? why b. is it a mass or background extinction,arrow_forwardSpeciation: A. is a process by which populations of one species diverge genetically and which produces one or more new species B. is the result of minor extinction events C. only results from interspecific hybridization D. is completed when two different species are able to interbreed E. always takes millions of yearsarrow_forward
- A. How old is the Earth? B. How long did the longest eon (so far) last? C. How many years ago did the most recent epoch begin? D. How many mass extinction events has the Earth witnessed so far?arrow_forward.. T Fossil A= 三 Fossil B Fossil C 8. Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the figure above? a. Volcanic eruptions were common in the area. b. The area was once a marine environment. C. Organisms in the area reproduced frequently. d. Consumers once outnumbered producers. Education TM Inc.arrow_forwardplease explain A drawback of the time hypothesis to explain the variation in species richness is that 1. Cannot account for algal diversity. 2. Fossils do not preserve well in the oceans. 3. Geological activity may interfere with species richness measurements. 4. It is not applicable to marine ecosystems because there was no glaciation in oceans. 5. Humans significantly modified marine environments.arrow_forward
- Define the term extinct. Also explain the phenomenon of mass extinction.arrow_forwardThe most severe mass extinction event, linked to the formation of Pangaea and massive volcanic eruptions, occurred at the end of the _______ period. Group of answer choices a Devonian b Triassic c Cretaceous d Ordovician e Permian People value biodiversity for all of the following reasons except a food, fiber, and medicine. b the acceptance that extinctions are part of a natural process. c opportunities to study and understand the world they live in. d aesthetic pleasure from interacting with other organisms. e functioning of ecosystems and the benefits they provide.arrow_forward(A) What is extinction? How extinction is different from expiration? Explain. (B)List the five mass extinction episodes occurred in the history of Earth. Characterize the nature and extent of each extinction episode.arrow_forward
- Areas of the Earth that contain communities composed of organisms that are the product of convergent evolution are called: a. ecospheres. b. landscapes. c. biomes. d. biospheres. e. ecosystems.arrow_forwardDistinguish between biological extinction and mass extinction. Does every species have the right to survive without human interference, regardless of whether they serve a useful purpose to humans? Explain?arrow_forwardDefine the term extinct. Also explain the phenomenon of mass extinction. In 300 words.arrow_forward
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