Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18.6, Problem 1TC
Paleontologists recently discovered fossil hominins with features characteristic of modern humans in 160,000-year-old sediments in Africa. Which hypothesis does this new evidence support?
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A paleontologist finds a hominid fossil skull in a stratum dated at 4.4 MYA in
eastern Africa. The skull has a relatively small braincasea and similarly-shaped
teeth. Which of the following hominid species would the skull most likely be a fossil
of?
Homo erectus
Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus africanus
Homo neanderthalensis
A construction project required digging hundreds of feet into the ground, which exposed many discrete strata. After a thorough investigation, paleontologists do not find fossils of Tiktaalik or any similar species. Explain why this finding could not be used to refute the theory of evolution.
How do paleoanthropologists explain why the earliest hominins evolved in Africa and not elsewhere?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- If you as a paleoanthropologist are plannin an excavation at a hominin site in East Africa which is dated to about 2 million years old, which fossil hominin species might you expect to find?arrow_forwardAccording to "Homo naledi – New Questions on Human Evolution ", what did scientists NOT find at the site that they probably expected to find? A.No other hominin species at the site B.No evidence of fire, tools, artifacts, or other animals (except 1 bird) C.No skulls or craniums at the site D.No evidence of art or jewelryarrow_forwardThe first modern humans evolved in Africa. a) What are two kinds of evidence supporting that conclusion, one based on data from living individuals and one from some other source of data? b) What are some unique anatomic and behavioral traits that are unique to hominid species compared to primates, and to Homo sapiens in particular, compared to other hominid species?arrow_forward
- While listening to a hominin evolution podcast, the narrator mentions that the overall similarity of Homo erectus fossils from Africa, Asia, and Europe, and through time represents evolutionary statis. What evidence is there that this is not the case? A. The size of the teeth and jaws increased from earlier to later forms. B. There was an overall increase in cranial robusticity from earlier to later forms. C. The thickness of the cranial bone increased from earlier to later forms. D. Brain size increased by approximately 30% from earlier to later forms.arrow_forwardEvolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil agearrow_forwardNeanderthals are recognizably human but have distinctive facial features and a stocky build that were evolutionary adaptations to cold, dry environments. They shared Europe for 10,000 years with Homo sapiens. Today they no longer exist. Beyond these facts the fate of Neanderthals has generated much debate. Why did Neanderthals become extinct? State at least four major factors to explain their fate.arrow_forward
- Hominins likely diverged from their closest ape cousins such as gorillas and chimpanzees around 2 million years ago. Is this statement true or falsearrow_forwardNeanderthals are recognizably human but have distinctive facial features and a stocky build that were evolutionary adaptations to cold, dry environments. They shared Europe for 10,000 years with Homo sapiens. Today they no longer exist. Beyond these facts the fate of Neanderthal has generated much debate. Why did Neanderthals become extinct? State at least two major factors to explain their fate.arrow_forwardWhy is it so difficult to determine the sequence of hominin ancestors that have led to modernHomo sapiensarrow_forward
- How does the hypothesized origin of modern humans (Homo sapiens) differ from the hypothesized origin of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis)?arrow_forwardSome scientists suggest that the Neanderthals and possibly Denisovans, never went extinct, but instead where assimilated into Homo Sapiens. What evidence would you look for to support this hypothesis?arrow_forwardPaleoanthropologists generally agree that Homo erectus belongs in our genus and represents a significant shift towards adaptations important to our own species. However, there is much variation among specimens that are grouped into H. erectus. Your instructor will let you know which of these fossil representatives to use for the exercise today.Based on your measurements and comparisons in the table above, what are major differences among Au. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus? Do you think H. habilis is more like Australopithecus or Homo? How do these three species reflect the major environmental pressures of the time periods in which they lived, respectively? List three features that are changing in the genus Homo due to these selective pressures. List three features found in H. erectus that are derived, compared to Au. africanus.arrow_forward
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Dig In To Paleontology; Author: SciShow Kids;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FjyKmpmQzc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY