Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 11CC
A muscle that is actively contracting may have a cellular
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After spending a day or more at high altitude (with an oxygen partial pressure of 75 torr), the concentration of 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in red blood cells increases. What effect would an increased concentration of 2,3-BPG have on the oxygen-binding curve for hemoglobin? Why would this adaptation be beneficial for functioning well at high altitude?
Figure 6 shows the binding of oxygen to myoglobin and haemoglobin (Y-axis: Fraction
saturation) when they are exposed to various partial pressures of oxygen (X-axis: pO2).
0.9
0.8
Myoglobin
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Hemoglobin
0.3
0.2
0.1
2
10
12
Po, (kPa)
Figure 6
(i)
Briefly compare the protein structure of myoglobin to that of haemoglobin.
(ii)
Based on Figure 6, explain the differences between the functions performed by
myoglobin and haemoglobin.
Fraction saturation
Explain the mechanism through which the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve changes in exercising tissues relative to those tissues at rest. How does this change affect the amount of oxygen delivered to exercising tissues?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Cellular metabolism review: which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Why doesnt the movement of oxygen from the alveoli...Ch. 18.1 - If nitrogen is 78% of atmospheric air, what is the...Ch. 18.1 - At the summit of Mt. Everest, an altitude of 8850...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 18.1 - If alveolar ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 18.1 - True or false? Plasma with a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and a...Ch. 18.1 - A saline solution is exposed to a mixture of...Ch. 18.2 - Can a person breathing 100% oxygen at sea level...Ch. 18.2 - What effect does hyperventilation have on the...
Ch. 18.2 - A muscle that is actively contracting may have a...Ch. 18.2 - How would an obstruction of the airways affect...Ch. 18 - List five factors that influence the diffusion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Describe the structure of a hemoglobin molecule....Ch. 18 - Prob. 5RQCh. 18 - Describe the chemoreceptors that influence...Ch. 18 - Describe the protective reflexes of the...Ch. 18 - What causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon...Ch. 18 - List five possible physical changes that could...Ch. 18 - Concept map: Construct a map of gas transport...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - Prob. 12RQCh. 18 - Prob. 13RQCh. 18 - Define hypoxia, COPD, and hypercapnia.Ch. 18 - Why did oxygen-transporting molecules evolve in...Ch. 18 - Draw and label the following graphs: a. the effect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17RQCh. 18 - Prob. 18RQCh. 18 - Create reflex pathways (stimulus, receptor,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 20RQCh. 18 - Which person carries more oxygen in his blood? a....Ch. 18 - What would happen to each of the following...Ch. 18 - In early research on the control of rhythmic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - Prob. 25RQCh. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - Prob. 27RQCh. 18 - Prob. 28RQCh. 18 - Adolph Fick, the nineteenth-century physiologist...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30RQ
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- How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen partial pressure gradient during gas transport in the body?arrow_forwardExplain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect on the oxygen binding of hemoglobin in the muscle cells?arrow_forward
- a) How much more O2 can be transported by the blood when erythrocytesleave the lungs? Consider that a normal adult has a concentration of 15 g hemoglobin/100 mL of bloodand that the hemoglobin is 98% saturated with O2 at the usual pO2 of 100 torr in the lung at sea level. b) On the basis of the graph, explain how myoglobin facilitates the diffusion of O2 through muscle cells. Would myoglobin be effective as an O2-transport protein in cells of other tissues? Explain.arrow_forwardTable 4: Presence or Absence of Agglutination Mother 1 Father 1 Child 1 Mother 2 Father 2 Child 2 Mother 3 Father 3 Child 3 Anti-A Sera Agglut No Agglut No No No Agglut No Agglut Anti-B Sera Agglut No No No Agglut Agglut No No No Anti-Rh Sera No Agglut Agglut Agglut No Agglut No No No Blood Type AB- O+ A+ 0+ B- B+ A- O- A-arrow_forwardO E-If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which of the following is NOT true about the liver lobule? * (1) Bile canaliculi transport bile towards the bile ducts located at the corners of the liver lobule. (2) Sinusoidal capillaries drain into the central vein. (3) Liver lobules are capable of producing plasma proteins such as albumin. (4) The portal arteriole takes blood to the liver lobule, while the portal venule takes blood away from the liver lobule. O A - If answers (1), (2) and (3) are TRUE B - If answers (1) and (3) are TRUE O C- If answers (2) and (4) are TRUE O D- If only answer (4) is TRUE O E- If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which of the following is NOT true with regards the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? * 27°C ere to searcharrow_forward
- A forearm skeletal muscle has a hemoglobin concentration of 92 microM. An arterial occlusion of the upper arm determines a decrease in saturation at a rate of 15% per minute, and no change in blood volume. Find the muscle oxygen consumption in units of micromolo2/(100 mltissue-min).arrow_forwardHow is CO2 diffusing out of working muscle transported in the blood (to the lung capillaries)? Choose the two main forms. (pKa of H2CO3: 6.4; pH of blood: 7.4) O H2CO3; CO2 gas O HCO;1: CO2 gas O HCO31; Carbamate (R-NH-Coo, CO, is carried by hemoglobin) O H,CO3; Carbamate (R-NH-COO, CO2 is carried by hemoglobin)arrow_forwardThe dotted lines in the two graphs below represent a shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Which shift would allow more oxygen delivery to the tissues? Name three conditions in the tissues that would cause thecurve to shift this way.arrow_forward
- Please explain the difference between the oxygen dissociation curve created by myoglobin (asymptotic) versus the oxygen dissociation curve created by hemoglobin (sigmoidal). Why does this occur? Myoglobin O₂ saturation (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 Hemoglobin 40 60 80 100 120 Po₂ (mmHg)arrow_forwardMake a list of the different physiological equations: Fick equation for oxygen diffusion = Simple estimation for heart rate max = Equation to convert absolute VO2 (Liters of O2/min) to relative VO2 (ml/kg/min) =arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does NOT apply to the K value in the equation for the oxygen binding curve of myoglobin? It is numerically equal to p50. O A. It is defined as that oxygen partial pressure at which half of the oxygen binding sites are occupied. В. If Y> K, then myoglobin is less than 50% saturated with oxygen. OC. O D. It is a measure of the affinity of myoglobin for oxygen. OE. It is the value of po2 at which Y = 0.5.arrow_forward
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