Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 27RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The structure of alveolar epithelium and also label apical and basolateral surfaces.
Introduction: Alveolar epithelium is a type of absorptive epithelium. This epithelium is capable of transporting various types of ions from the fluid-filled lining of alveoli into the interstitial fluid space.
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Pulmonary surfactants are molecules excreted within the lungs to reduce the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps make the small air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) more stable. Without them, the alveoli would close off with exhalation due to the attractions of the sides to one another when brought closely together. A example of one of these has the general structure: O-PD
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Dipal mitoylphosphatidylcholine is the major component of surfactant, or surface active agent (an amphipathic molecule), that is secreted into lung alveoli to reduce the surface tension of the primarily aqueous extracellular fluid of the alveolar epithelia. Alveoli, also referred to as alveolar sacs, are the functional units of respiration. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the walls of alveolar sacs, which are one cell thick. The water on alveolar surfaces has a high surface tension because of the attractive forces between the molecules. If the water’s surface tension is not reduced, the alveolar sac tends to collapse, making breathing extremely difficult. If premature infants lack sufficient surfactant, they are likely to die of suffocation. This condition is called respiratory distress syndrome. Draw the structure of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Considering the general structural features of phospholipids, propose a reason why surfactant is effective in reducing surface…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Cellular metabolism review: which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Why doesnt the movement of oxygen from the alveoli...Ch. 18.1 - If nitrogen is 78% of atmospheric air, what is the...Ch. 18.1 - At the summit of Mt. Everest, an altitude of 8850...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 18.1 - If alveolar ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 18.1 - True or false? Plasma with a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and a...Ch. 18.1 - A saline solution is exposed to a mixture of...Ch. 18.2 - Can a person breathing 100% oxygen at sea level...Ch. 18.2 - What effect does hyperventilation have on the...
Ch. 18.2 - A muscle that is actively contracting may have a...Ch. 18.2 - How would an obstruction of the airways affect...Ch. 18 - List five factors that influence the diffusion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Describe the structure of a hemoglobin molecule....Ch. 18 - Prob. 5RQCh. 18 - Describe the chemoreceptors that influence...Ch. 18 - Describe the protective reflexes of the...Ch. 18 - What causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon...Ch. 18 - List five possible physical changes that could...Ch. 18 - Concept map: Construct a map of gas transport...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - Prob. 12RQCh. 18 - Prob. 13RQCh. 18 - Define hypoxia, COPD, and hypercapnia.Ch. 18 - Why did oxygen-transporting molecules evolve in...Ch. 18 - Draw and label the following graphs: a. the effect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17RQCh. 18 - Prob. 18RQCh. 18 - Create reflex pathways (stimulus, receptor,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 20RQCh. 18 - Which person carries more oxygen in his blood? a....Ch. 18 - What would happen to each of the following...Ch. 18 - In early research on the control of rhythmic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - Prob. 25RQCh. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - Prob. 27RQCh. 18 - Prob. 28RQCh. 18 - Adolph Fick, the nineteenth-century physiologist...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30RQ
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