Chapter 17, Problem 17STP

To determine

To compare: Two types of bonds formed by non-metals

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Non-metals are those elements that form a negative ion by accepting electrons as they have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in the outermost shell. They are good insulators of heat and electricity except graphite. Depending upon the partner atoms, non-metals can form two different types of bond, ionic and covalent bonds.

Ionic bonds are the type of chemical bonds that formed between cations (usually metals) and anions (usually non-metals) through an electrostatic attraction. For example, formation of sodium fluoride.

Covalent bonds are those bonds that involve a pair of electrons which are shared between non-metals. These bonds are formed by an atom in order to reach a more stable state. For example formation of HCl.

The boiling and melting point of compounds formed by covalent bonding is higher than those formed by ionic bonding. Also, covalent compounds are less conductive and soluble.