Chapter 16, Problem 57A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept Introduction :

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 57A

Base: $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2$

Conjugate acid: $C{H}_{3}N{H}_3{}^{+}$

Acid: $H_{2}O$

Conjugate base: $O{H}^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

  $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons C{H}_{3}N{H}_3{}^{+}+O{H}^{-}$

Water donates hydrogen ions to form hydroxide ion. So water is acid and hydroxide ion is conjugate base.

  $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2$ accepts proton to form $C{H}_{3}N{H}_3{}^{+}$ so $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2$ is base and $C{H}_{3}N{H}_3{}^{+}$ is conjugate acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept Introduction :

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 57A

Base: $N{H}_3$

Conjugate acid: $N{H}_4{}^{+}$

Acid: $C{H}_{3}COOH$

Conjugate base: $C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

  $C{H}_{3}COOH+N{H}_3\rightleftharpoons C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}+N{H}_4{}^{+}$

  $C{H}_{3}COOH$ donates hydrogen ions to form $C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}$ . So $C{H}_{3}COOH$ is acid and $C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}$ is conjugate base.

  $N{H}_3$ accepts proton to form $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ so $N{H}_3$ is base and $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is conjugate acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid-base pairs in given reaction is to be identified.

Concept Introduction :

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 57A

Base: $N{H}_3$

Conjugate acid: $N{H}_4{}^{+}$

Acid: $HF$

Conjugate base: $F^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The equation is:

  $HF+N{H}_3\rightleftharpoons F^{-}+N{H}_4{}^{+}$

  $HF$ donates hydrogen ions to form $F^{-}$ . So $HF$ is acid and $F^{-}$ is conjugate base.

  $N{H}_3$ accepts proton to form $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ so $N{H}_3$ is base and $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is conjugate acid.