Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 1PDQ

HOW DO WE KNOW?

In this chapter, we focused on the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. Along the way, we found man opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanation given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions?

  1. (a) How do we know that bacteria regulate the expression of certain genes in response to the environment?
  2. (b) What evidence established that lactose serves as the inducer of a gene whose product is related to lactose metabolism?
  3. (c) What led researchers to conclude that a repressor molecule regulates the lac operon?
  4. (d) How do we know that the lac repressor is a protein?
  5. (e) How do we know that the trp operon is a repressive control system, in contrast to the lac operon, which is an inducible control system?
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Clary Fray used the pET vector system to express her prokaryotic amylase enzyme. She added peptone into her culture broth of BL21(DE3) Escherichia coli strain to induce protein expression. At the end of the experiment, she discovered that her protein was not expressed. She repeated three more times but her protein of interest was still not produced. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Explain the reason why Clary failed to obtain her protein of interest and suggest a solution to troubleshoot this problem. Clary plans to express her protein along with a polyhistidine-tag. Explain the importance of His-tag in protein work. Is DH5a Escherichia coli suitable to propagate the plasmid before protein expression? Besides heat shock method, elaborate another procedure Clary could utilize to transform the recombinant pET vector into the host cell. If her supervisor instructs her to express a gene from gold fish (Carassius auratus), is the expression system she is using now suitable for this experiment?…
A species of bacteria can synthesize the amino acid histidine, so they do not require histidine in their growth medium. A key enzyme, which we will call histidine synthetase, is necessary for histidine biosynthesis. When these bacteria are given histidine in their growth medium, they stop synthesizing histidine intracellularly. Based on this observation alone, propose three different regulatory mechanisms to explain why histidine biosynthesis ceases when histidine is in the growth medium. To explore this phenomenon further, you measure the amount of intracellular histidine synthetase protein when cells are grown in the presence and absence of histidine. In both conditions, the amount of this protein is identical. Which mechanism of regulation is consistent with this observation?
Scientists IPed a mutant version of KDM3A with serine 264 altered to aspartic acid (dubbed S/D mutation). They IPed S/D in cells that had not been subjected to heat shock (HS-) or heat shock (HS+). 1) what is the purpose of mutating serine-264 to aspartic acid? 2) what conclusions can scientists make based on results of lane5 and lane 6?
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Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license