Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 15, Problem 5TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A mutation is a sudden change in the genome of an organism. The causative agents which cause the phenomenon of mutation are called mutagens. Mutagens can cause the alteration in the genome of an organism, which, most of the time are fatal to the organism’s body.
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For each statement below indicate whether it is true or false:
A. Strand discrimination during the process of DNA repair is based on DNA methylation
B. The genetic code has 64 amino acid-specifying codons
C. Mutations in germline cells are more consequential to subsequent generations
than mutations in somatic cells.
Xeroderma pigmentosa (XP):
A. is caused by a defect in the mismatch repair system.
B. typically results in base substitution mutations.
C. can be caused by defects in any of a number of different genes that have to do with DNA repair.
D. results when an individual does not spend enough time outside.
E. Can be corrected by a direct repair mechanism
Which of the following is NOT true of DNA Methylation.
A. DNA methylation is typically correlated to gene repression.
B. On a given gene, histone modifications or DNA methylation could be used, but not both at the same gene.
C. DNA methylation can be used in mismatch repair to identify the parent strand after DNA replication.
D. DNA methylation typically occurs on dCTP nucleotides in eukaryotes.
E. DNA methylation can be inherited through mitosis.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 15.1 - Consequences of Mutations Concept Check: Based on...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1EQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 2EQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 3EQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15.3 - DNA Repair Concept Check: Which components of the...Ch. 15.3 - Why is this person so sensitive to sunlight?...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 2CS
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 15 - Prob. 1TYCh. 15 - Prob. 2TYCh. 15 - Prob. 3TYCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYCh. 15 - The Ames test a. provides a way to determine if...Ch. 15 - Xeroderma pigmentosum a. is a genetic disorder...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8TYCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYCh. 15 - Prob. 10TYCh. 15 - Prob. 1CQCh. 15 - Prob. 2CQCh. 15 - Prob. 3CQCh. 15 - Prob. 1COQCh. 15 - Distinguish between spontaneous and induced...
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- A.) There is no change in the DNA sequence if nucleotides are added or removed, it will have no effect to the cell. B.) Mutations in the DNA sequence are all irreversible. A. Statement A is correct B. Statement B is correct C. Both A and B are correct D. Both A and B are incorrectarrow_forwardPart a) and b) have already resolved and part c and d tobe resolved. a. What is a genetic mutation? How do genetic mutations differ fromsomatic mutations? b. What are mutagens? Using examples, describe how chemical andphysical mutagens cause mutations. c. Briefly describe the significance of transposons in inducing d. Discuss the practical aspects of mutations.arrow_forwardMatch the concept in column A to the concept in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided. A В a. Change that affects the ability of DNA to be transcribed to 1 Karry Mullis RNA without directly modifying the DNA sequence. b. transformation epigenetic modification 18-25 nucleotides C. can be transformed d. genetic engineering e. primers f. biotechnology g. regulated repressor h. Nucleotide 3 4 recombination Frederick Griffith forward primer competent cells Karoly Ereke 6 7 8 sequences are exchanged between two identical DNA molecules i. Repressible negative regulation j. Complementary to the 3' end of the recombinant DNA 10 tryp operon anti-sense strand k. Complementary to the 3' end of sense strands I. Polymerase chain reactionarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The repair polymerase is the enzyme that proofreads the newly synthesized strands to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication. B. There is a single enzyme that degrades the RNA primers and lays down the corresponding DNA sequence behind it. C. DNA ligase is required to seal the sugar-phosphate backbone between all the DNA fragments on the lagging strand. D. The repair polymerase does not require the aid of the sliding clamp, because it is only synthesizing DNA over very short stretches. Answer the following questions about DNA replication. On a DNA strand that is being synthesized, which end is growing the 3' end, the 5' end, or both ends? Explain your answer. А. B. On a DNA strand that is being used as a template, where is the copying occurring relative to the replication origin-3' of the origin, 5', or both?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about DNA Repair in mammals (select all that apply)? A. The Mismatch Repair System is primarily responsible for repairing covalent chemical modification of DNA bases B. Over 150 proteins are involved in DNA Repair C. Without DNA repair systems we would all likely die of cancer at a young age. D. Many DNA Repair enzymes are weakly expressed in tissues of the central nervous system making the CNS more susceptible to some carcinogens. E. Cancer cells possess a mutator phenotypearrow_forwardMatch the activity below with the correct enzyme. (You won't use all the enzymes listed.) RNA acts as a template for DNA synthesis: RNA directs the cutting of an RNA molecule at a precise location: RNA directs the cutting of an DNA molecule at a precise location: options: a. Small Nuclear Ribonuclear Protein (SNRNP) b. telomerase c. primase d. helicase e. CRISPR/Cas9arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands of DNA in prokaryotic cells? a. O b. The leading strand is synthesized by one polymerase III continuously, and the lagging strand is synthesized by several molecules of DNA polymerase III. d. The leading and lagging strands are synthesized at the same time by the one DNA polymerase I. O c. The leading and lagging strands are synthesized at the same time by the one DNA polymerase III. The leading strand is synthesized by one polymerase III, and the lagging strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase I.arrow_forwardEnzyme function is critically important for the proper replication of DNA. Predict the consequence of a loss of function for each of the following enzymes. a. DNA gyrase b. DNA polymerase III c. DNA ligase d. DNA polymerase Iarrow_forwardThe original DNA base sequence is 5’-AGCGTTACCGT-3’; a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence 5’-AGGCGTTACCGT-3’. What can you conclude about the mutation? A. It is a frameshift mutation. B. It is a silent mutation. C. It is a deleterious mutation. D. It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this base sequence.arrow_forward
- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardThe BRCA genes produce DNA repair proteins. Genetic testing is available that can determine if a person has a mutation in the BRCA genes that makes the proteins less able to function. What is the result of a BRCA mutation? A. The person is more likely to develop cancer if other DNA in the cell mutates. B. The person is less likely to develop cancer unless the BRCA region is methylated. C. The person is less likely to develop cancer because the BRCA gene will inhibit the cell cycle checkpoints. D. The person is more likely to develop cancer because the BRCA gene promotes an increased rate for mitosis.arrow_forwarda. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial DNA replication, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences) b. In the early 1900s, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty performed an experiment in bacterial cells to determine whether DNA, RNA, or protein functions as the 'transforming molecule' (i.e. the genetic material). In your own words, how did their experiment (depicted in the figure below) help to answer that question?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY